Ethical Banking And Customer Satisfaction A Comparison...

Ethical Banking and Customer Satisfaction: A Comparison Between Bankmecu and Commonwealth Bank of Australia CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 2.1. CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 4 2.2. ETHICAL BANKING IN AUSTRALIA 4 2.3. THE RADICAL AFFINITY INDEX 4 2.4. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION 5 3. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 5 3.1. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 5 3.2 SAMPLE AND PROCEDURE 6 3.3 DATA COLLECTION 8 3.4 PILOT STUDY 8 3.5 DATA ANALYSIS 10 3.5.1 Data Reduction 10 3.5.2 Data Display 10 3.5.3 Conclusion drawing 10 3.6 POTENTIAL LIMITATIONS AND DIFFICULTIES 11 4. CONCLUSION 11 A. BIBLIOGRAPHY 12 B. APPENDIX 15 APPENDIX 1: RAI COMPUTATION 15 C. PROJECT TIMELINE 17 1. INTRODUCTION It is widely believed that financial†¦show more content†¦Since then, the idea of socially responsible banking has grown commonplace in the financial markets, as a result of increasing social awareness and regulatory pressures (Scholtens, 2008). In light of the growing emphasis for banks to operate more ethically, this paper seeks to examine consumer responses to such initiatives in Australian banks with particular reference to Bankmecu and Commonwealth Bank of Australia (CBA). There have been much past research done on addressing ethics in banking and consumer satisfaction (Frye, 1997; de Clerck, 2009; Anderson Sullivan, 1993), but few analysed the effects of ethical bank practices on customer satisfaction specifically, and whether these two hold a positive relationship. In exploring this, I hope to contribute to the aforementioned gaps in existing literature. This paper begins with a review of relevant literature on the theoretical background. Next, the research methodol ogy will be elaborated on, explaining data collection and analysis process. Finally, the paper will be concluded with a summary addressing implications and limitations. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Traditionally, markets have been established around the notion of being ‘company-centric’ (Prahalad and Ramaswamy, 2004). In the 19th century, with the emergence of the New Economy, values and ethics brought about the rise of a modern consumer culture (Senge, P.M. and Carstedt, G., 2001;

The Utility Of Myth Plato s Metaphysics - 1624 Words

The Utility of Myth in Plato’s Metaphysics ï » ¿Plato speaking from the mouth of Socrates in Phaedo, tells us, â€Å"people are likely not to be aware that those who pursue philosophy aright study nothing but dying and being dead.† (61a) As a philosopher Plato sought to offer not only descriptions of the world him around, but prescriptions as well. The above quote when understood metaphorically, for him, shows the aim of philosophy, and goal of the philosopher is and should be to scratch at the surface of our faculties. To do this, Plato believes we must let our ability to reason override our baser, desires, so as to reach our maximum potential to the benefit of ourselves and the those who come after. Plato s conception of psychology—â€Å"from Greek†¦show more content†¦His doctrine of the immortality of the soul, are tied to myths found throughout his Dialogues and coalesces with his theories of eternal/absolute forms, and mind-body dualism. Though they are asunder, they should be considered part a nd parcel of the same argument—to have a good life, and its opposite—death, calls for a harmony between our lowly and high desires, and as with his placement of myth at the end of his Dialogues, rather than the beginning—with our logos first and foremost at the helm. This reversal of the myth--reason, to reason--myth, sequential chain, can be argued to not just be a stylistic, or arburity choice; taking into account the consistency of placement, one can reasonably infer, Plato’s views were in many ways diametrically opposed to the plethora of expressions found among the masses. As an aristocrat, Plato was afforded the leisure needed to properly philosophize, and by chance, and virtue, his dialogues have survived to act as a foundation, for much western thought and religion to build on. The speculated life of Plato, much like his work, is rife with mystery and myth. We are given almost all secondary accounts of his life, sometimes more than a hundred years after the fact. Indeed, the specifics of Plato’s life are a matter of much debate with countless books penned on the subject. We can however, adopting a postmodernist stance (admitting much of the details are inference, ratherShow MoreRelated Plato on Education as the Development of Reason Essay3512 Words   |  15 PagesPlato on Education as the Development of Reason ABSTRACT: Socrates great educational innovation was in ascribing moral worth to the intellectual activity reflectively directed at ones own life. His concept of eudaimonia was so different from the ordinary that talking about it took on sometimes a paradoxical air, as in Apology 30b3. For him, reason is not a tool for attaining goals independently thought worthwhile; rather, rationality itself, expressed in the giving of reasons and the avoidance

Strategic Information System of Commonwealth Bank for Insurance

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information System of Commonwealth Bank for Insurance. Answer: Introduction Commonwealth Bank is a multinational bank that is based in Australia. It was founded in the year 1911. It conducts the general banking as well as the savings businesses across many countries. The varieties of services that are provided by Commonwealth Bank are retail, insurance, institutional banking as well as investment services (Commbank.com.au 2017). It is considered to be the leader provider of financial services in Australia. Their aim is to create a sustainable and long term corporate value. In this era of ICT, ERP systems are gaining importance in the field of business operations. This system is generally used to replace the existing legacy system in the business. ERP software is used for managing the business processes in an integrated manner. This report discusses about the business processes of the Commonwealth bank and it also mentions about the requirements of the business. This report gives a brief overview of the banks system requirements. This report focuses mainly on the software as well the vendor selection process of the Commonwealth Bank. It determines three such ways by which the bank utilizes the technologies in order to improve the business efficiency along with the efficiency level associated with each technological implementation. This report also examines the potential risks or data breaches that are possible. It also provides suggestions regarding overcoming or mitigating such risks. Business Processes Business processes can be considered to be a set of linked jobs that is completed to accomplish the goals of the organization. The main business processes that are give key priorities in Commonwealth Bank are the customer service, technological process, operations and business banking. The target of this bank is to grow in selected markets. Their strategy is to fulfill the simple requests during the time of sales. The customer service process makes sure that they give main priority to the needs of the customers. The business banking process aims to offer services to more number of retail branches. It also looks after the management of the credit approval process making it sure that the process is simple and responsive. The IT team manages the technical as well as the operational processes. It focuses on increased efficiency as well as consistent delivery. It leverages the expertise and capabilities of IT in order to revitalize processes as well as systems. Competitive pricing and pro duct characteristics are incorporated in the business processes of Commonwealth Bank. The technical process focuses on depending on multiple vendors for improving its process. The main business process is the framework of risk management. This process involves five main steps like identification of the risk, analyzing the risk, evaluation of the risk, and then mitigation of the risk followed by monitoring process. Commonwealth Bank manages all the business processes in an integrated manner so that the efficiency of the bank improves. Business Requirements In order to start a business that is in the banking industry similar to that of Commonwealth Bank, the initial step is to identify the business requirements of the firm. The main aim of the firm should be to identify the structure of the business along with the sales and the appropriate industry. Identification as well as registration is the main step in starting a business. The financial plan needs to be sorted out initially (Fsi.gov.au 2017). A firm must select a business name that is unique and that is not selected by any other business. The firm must perform a trademark check. Initially the bank must get an ABN or Australian Business Number and register the name of the bank. ASIC registration can also be done if it is applicable. The new bank needs to get TFN or tax file number. If the bank is expecting to generate yearly sales above 75000 dollars then it needs to do registration for the GST. A tax of 10 per cent is applied to all the goods and services that are sold. The bank needs to get business licenses as well as permits. The business account must be separated in order to keep proper track of the tax and expenses. After the business needs are identified, the strategic planning is carried out by the board members. The business owners must have sufficient capital in order to start a new business. Policies of the firm must be set before running the business. A five to six year plan must be there in order to successfully implement and run the business. The risk management framework also needs to be developed and formulated to control and mitigate any type of risk. The planning as well as implementation process must incorporate federal as well as state legal characteristics. System Requirements The system requirements of the Commonwealth Bank are a combination of an optimal operating system along with proper browser combination. If the operating system is Windows version 7, 8 or 10 then the system must have Internet Explorer version 11.x along with Google Chrome version 37 or more as well as Mozilla Firefox version 33. In case of Mac OS Safari version 9, Mozilla Firefox version 33 as well as Google Chrome version 37 is required. The digital services of the banks can be done by following certain steps. Initially the bank needs to get an email ID and a standard desktop. DSL or ISDN are required. The web browsers must be updated for the purpose of improving security. The Internet banking method of Commonwealth Bank can be accessed via mobile phones as well as any other mobile device. The Android OS requires the 4.2.X version. The phones and tablets that have iOS are required to the install the iOS version 9.x and 10.x. The latest version of the software as well the browsers ar e required in order to use the facility of net banking system of the Commonwealth Bank. The main focus of the technical department of the bank is to make sure that the Commonwealth bank uses the latest version of the software as well as browsers. Older version of the system will not permit any online facility to the customers of the bank. The display requirement is 1300 pixel display width. The most advanced version of the browsers is required for efficient as well as secured performance as well as experience. Software and Vendor Selection Commonwealth Bank aims to modernize as well as improve the process that exists in the organization. This bank has selected ERP or Enterprise Resource Planning for the purpose of modernization of its operations (HassabElnaby, Hwang and Vonderembse 2012). There are several functional departments in an organization and each of them deals with different jobs. Every unit in a firm cannot operate independently. The functions of each unit need to be integrated in a manner so that the organizational goals are achieved in an effective manner. The ERP software helps the bank to integrate information and functions of different departments like inventory, finance, and inventory as well as human resource department and CRM in order to streamline the processes across the bank. Commonwealth Bank has selected ERP SAP. The technological platform of SAP is called NetWeaver. SAP is responsible for providing banking solutions to the Commonwealth Bank (SAP 2017). SAP along with Accenture integrates the experience and functionalities of the Commonwealth Bank and develops customer oriented systems called CommSee, CommBiz, CommSec, NetBank and the CIF. All these are responsible for identifying the needs of the customers and it also gives idea regarding the implementation of change programs. SAP helps the bank to analyze its profitability and efficiency (Farber et al. 2012). It also helps to calculate the risks that exist in the business and provides pricing as well as costing models. Workday is known to be the leading or main provider of cloud applications for an enterprise. It performs the financial as well as the human resources related tasks of the bank (Schlagwein, Thorogood and Willcocks 2014). The Commonwealth Bank uses the Workday software. AlgoSec is softwar e that is responsible for providing automated security management. It helps in designing and implementing strong security policy in the bank. The flexible platform provided by SAP helps the banks to run their business in an effective manner. Utilization of Technologies to Improve the Business Efficiency The ways by which Commonwealth bank utilizes the ERP in order to improve the efficiency of a business are as follows: Information Management and Process Streamlining: The bank is able to manage all information in an automatic manner. Large and well establishes business will face difficulty in calculating the sales margin as well as the ratio of profit that is earned. ERP software integrates correct information from all the departments and helps the bank to analyze its performance. Synchronized reports are also generated by the system. Commonwealth bank can get access to the required information as fast as possible and this helps to take quick and decisions based on accurate information. ERP software integrates the functions and processes of business into an integrated and unified platform (Hailu and Rahman 2012). The businesses achieve higher level of efficiency by utilizing the ERP software. The processes that are integrated include inventory, accounting, human resource, CRM as well as financial and accounting process. This method of process streamlining helps the organization to access a database that is shared in the entire company. There exists a certain level of transparency in the bank. The redundancies present in the bank can be eliminated by utilization of the ERP software. This helps to improve the efficiency of the business to a great extent. Complete and Effective Solutions: The Commonwealth Bank utilizes the ERP software that provides proper banking solutions that cover the aspects of accounting and cash management along with security management (Schniederjans and Yadav 2013). ERP facilitates the Commonwealth Bank to share the bank processes with its vendors as well as customers. ERP combines the planning, reporting as well as analysis of the assets of the bank in one single process. It provides the bank with a solution on a single platform. Improvement of Planning Process: The Commonwealth Bank utilizes the ERP system in order to improve the process of planning. It helps all types of planning in the organization. It helps to analyzed the financial condition of the firm and plan accordingly. It helps the organization to carry out the process of tactical, operational as well as strategic planning. The bottom level employees utilize the ERP system to make operational plans and carry out the daily tasks. The middle level employees use the ERP system to carry out the tactical planning for the purpose of allocating resources. The highest level employees utilize the ERP system in order to carry out strategic planning process. The overall planning process of the bank plays a major role in improving the productivity of the bank. Efficiency Level of the Technology Implementation The ERP implementation has increased the level of efficiency in the Commonwealth Bank. There are certain challenges of implementing this technology like it is very difficult to decide which processes are to be integrated as well as the process of customization. The training of the employees is also required in order to carry out successful ERP implementation. The integrated information has enabled the bank to use accurate data for making correct and fast decisions. This is applicable in the strategic decision making process. ERP system has enables the bank to improve the cash management process and improve its efficiency. The operational level efficiency is also improved due to the use of the ERP systems. The efficiency level of the ERP systems is high but there are certain challenges as well as risks associated with the ERP software. Potential Security Risks There are several risks associated with ERP implementation. Outdated software can crash and lose all the information. If software is updated late then it can lead to several vulnerabilities. If there is no compliance with the security standards then it can lead to major issue. The ERP system uses a central database that can be exploited by the hackers and misuse the system information for an illegal purpose (Behnia, Rashid and Chaudhry 2012). There are also malware threats like virus, Trojan horses as well as worms. These types of malicious code enter the system and misuse the information. It either modifies or deletes the sensitive data. Other external threats like the phishing attacks are potentially harmful for the system. The attacker can hide its real identity and steal data from the system. The insider threat is more harmful than the external threats. It can cause a major loss in the financial as well as critical data. There can be people inside the organization who willing sha re the data with outsiders, the employees can make errors will modifying or entering data which can lead to loss of huge financial data. The deliberate threats are dangerous because it has a wrong motive but the accidental threats are not much harmful as it can be controlled by the organization. Risk Mitigation There are several potential risks that are associated with the implementation of ERP system. These risks can be reduced or mitigated by several methods. An in house strong technical team is needed for mitigating risk in a proper manner (Aloini, Dulmin and Mininno 2012). This team must make sure that they utilize dedicated resources along with correct practices in order to keep the data secure. They must monitor the system on a regular basis in order to identify any flaws. Proper set of protocols must be incorporated in the ERP system so that employees can view only the required data. Updated ERP software must be used. Older version of ERP software can cause errors in the system. This leads to mismanagement of data in the organization. Strong security policies must be incorporated in the system in order to prevent risk. Conclusion This report concludes that the use of ERP software will increase the efficiency of an organization. This report discussed about the business processes of the Commonwealth bank and it also mentioned about the requirements of the business. This report gave a brief overview of the banks system requirements. The main focus of this report was mainly on the software as well the vendor selection process of the Commonwealth Bank. It determined three such ways by which the bank utilizes the technologies in order to improve the business efficiency along with the efficiency level associated with each technological implementation. This report pointed out that the bank is able to manage all information in an automatic manner. ERP software integrates the functions and processes of business into an integrated and unified platform. The businesses achieve higher level of efficiency by utilizing the ERP software. The Commonwealth Bank utilizes the ERP software that provides proper banking solutions th at cover the aspects of accounting and cash management along with security management. The Commonwealth Bank utilizes the ERP system in order to improve the process of planning. The ERP implementation has increased the level of efficiency in the Commonwealth Bank. This report also examined the potential risks or data breaches that are possible. It also provided suggestions regarding overcoming or mitigating such risks. Commonwealth Bank have certain potential risks involved in implementing ERP system like hacking, malware attacks, phishing attack as well as insider attacks. The malware attacks can be viruses, Trojan horses and worms. These risks can be mitigated by the bank by following certain rules and policies. References Aloini, D., Dulmin, R. and Mininno, V., 2012. Risk assessment in ERP projects.Information Systems,37(3), pp.183-199. Behnia, A., Rashid, R.A. and Chaudhry, J.A., 2012. A survey of information security risk analysis methods.SmartCR,2(1), pp.79-94. Commbank.com.au. 2017.How to start a business. [online] Available at: https://www.commbank.com.au/guidance/business/how-to-start-a-business-201706.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Farber, F., Cha, S.K., Primsch, J., Bornhvd, C., Sigg, S. and Lehner, W., 2012. SAP HANA database: data management for modern business applications.ACM Sigmod Record,40(4), pp.45-51. Fsi.gov.au. 2017. [online] Available at: https://fsi.gov.au/files/2014/08/Commonwealth_Bank.pdf [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Hailu, A. and Rahman, S., 2012, June. Evaluation of key success factors influencing ERP implementation success. InServices (SERVICES), 2012 IEEE Eighth World Congress on(pp. 88-91). IEEE. HassabElnaby, H.R., Hwang, W. and Vonderembse, M.A., 2012. The impact of ERP implementation on organizational capabilities and firm performance.Benchmarking: An International Journal,19(4/5), pp.618-633. SAP. 2017.SAP Software Solutions | Technology Business Applications | SAP Australia New Zealand. [online] Available at: https://www.sap.com/australia/index.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Schlagwein, D., Thorogood, A. and Willcocks, L.P., 2014. How Commonwealth Bank of Australia Gained Benefits Using a Standards-Based, Multi-Provider Cloud Model.MIS Quarterly Executive,13(4). Schniederjans, D. and Yadav, S., 2013. Successful ERP implementation: an integrative model.Business Process Management Journal,19(2), pp.364-398. Bibliography Ahmad, M.M. and Cuenca, R.P., 2013. Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(3), pp.104-111. Alsabawy, A.Y., Cater-Steel, A. and Soar, J., 2013. IT infrastructure services as a requirement for e-learning system success.Computers Education,69, pp.431-451. Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds., 2013.Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Fang, A., Kosev, M. and Wakeling, D., 2014. TRENDS IN Australian corporate financing.JASSA, (4), p.22. Hamlen, K., Kantarcioglu, M., Khan, L. and Thuraisingham, B., 2012. Security issues for cloud computing.Optimizing Information Security and Advancing Privacy Assurance: New Technologies: New Technologies,150. Hanafizadeh, P., Keating, B.W. and Khedmatgozar, H.R., 2014. A systematic review of Internet banking adoption.Telematics and informatics,31(3), pp.492-510. Hu, D., Zhao, J.L., Hua, Z. and Wong, M., 2012. Network-Based Modeling and Analysis of Systemic Risk in Banking Systems.MIS Quarterly,36(4). Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2013. Management Information Systems 13e. Macdonald, I., Burke, C. and Stewart, K., 2017.Systems leadership: Creating positive organisations. Taylor Francis. Pfleeger, S.L. and Caputo, D.D., 2012. Leveraging behavioral science to mitigate cyber security risk.Computers security,31(4), pp.597-611.

The Creation and Introduction of the Euro to Europe free essay sample

The paper examines why the Euro was introduced and how it was created. This paper examines the new monetary unit in Europe, the euro. The author looks at the groundwork that led up to creating a common monetary system, the methods of circulation, the coins designs and denominations, and the problems that may arise from the system. On January 1, 2002 over 300 million European citizens saw the Euro transform from a virtual currency into reality. Twelve countries ended their use of individual currency and joined forces in creating a uniform monetary system. These twelve countries are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Britain, Sweden and Denmark choose not to switch to the Euro. The creation and implementation of the Euro was a long and tedious process that began in 1958 with the Treaty of Rome. The objective of this treaty was to create a common European market, which would benefit the regional economy by bringing these countries closer together economically. We will write a custom essay sample on The Creation and Introduction of the Euro to Europe or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Free Essays on Lador Day

This Labor Day it seems like everyone is hitting the road for one last summer adventure. The number of travelers on the road this long weekend is expected to be record breaking, higher than they’ve been in nine years. Up to 33.4 million Americans are set to travel 50 miles or more away from home this holiday weekend, according to AAA. That number is up 1.8% from last year and tops a previous high, set in 1995 of 33.2 million. But vacationer has more than sunscreen and mosquitoes to keep in mind this weekend. They also need to keep in mind the ever-rising gas prices, the anything but perfect weather, and the safety of themselves and loved ones while on the road. These days gas is anything but cheap, with prices averaging $1.74 per gallon. A lot of this is said to be due to the workers strike in Venezuela and the conflict in Iraq. However that’s not stopping Americans from traveling. From July 19 to August 15 Americans used 9.4 million barrels per day the highest four-week period on record, said Doug Macintyre, an analysts for the Federal Energy Information Administration. Also, the biggest two-week jump in history. At least here in Tampa we can look to the bright side, our gas prices are nine to fifteen cents cheaper than many other Florida cities. Lately the weather here in Florida leaves much to be desired. Or maybe the beautiful postcard images we all love are just that, postcard images. With very little to do with the actual weather we encounter on an everyday basis. This August has been the 4th wettest ever in history. Our afternoon showers seem to be on a timer from hell, erupting every afternoon between four and five o’clock p.m. Then when it’s not raining it’s so warm and muggy that going outside hardly seems worth it. But that won’t put a damper on weekend plans; people will still be out and about, despite the fact that we’ll have a 45-75% chance of rain. And tropical storm Fabian lurking in the water. Surfs up... Free Essays on Lador Day Free Essays on Lador Day This Labor Day it seems like everyone is hitting the road for one last summer adventure. The number of travelers on the road this long weekend is expected to be record breaking, higher than they’ve been in nine years. Up to 33.4 million Americans are set to travel 50 miles or more away from home this holiday weekend, according to AAA. That number is up 1.8% from last year and tops a previous high, set in 1995 of 33.2 million. But vacationer has more than sunscreen and mosquitoes to keep in mind this weekend. They also need to keep in mind the ever-rising gas prices, the anything but perfect weather, and the safety of themselves and loved ones while on the road. These days gas is anything but cheap, with prices averaging $1.74 per gallon. A lot of this is said to be due to the workers strike in Venezuela and the conflict in Iraq. However that’s not stopping Americans from traveling. From July 19 to August 15 Americans used 9.4 million barrels per day the highest four-week period on record, said Doug Macintyre, an analysts for the Federal Energy Information Administration. Also, the biggest two-week jump in history. At least here in Tampa we can look to the bright side, our gas prices are nine to fifteen cents cheaper than many other Florida cities. Lately the weather here in Florida leaves much to be desired. Or maybe the beautiful postcard images we all love are just that, postcard images. With very little to do with the actual weather we encounter on an everyday basis. This August has been the 4th wettest ever in history. Our afternoon showers seem to be on a timer from hell, erupting every afternoon between four and five o’clock p.m. Then when it’s not raining it’s so warm and muggy that going outside hardly seems worth it. But that won’t put a damper on weekend plans; people will still be out and about, despite the fact that we’ll have a 45-75% chance of rain. And tropical storm Fabian lurking in the water. Surfs up...

Sanskrit

Sanskrit Sanskrit is an ancient Indo-European language, the root of many modern Indian languages, and it remains one of Indias 22 official languages to this day.   Sanskrit also functions as the primary liturgical language of Hinduism and Jainism, and it plays an important role in the Buddhist scripture as well.   Where did Sanskrit come from?   Why is it controversial in India? The word Sanskrit means sanctified or refined.   The earliest known work in Sanskrit is the Rigveda, a collection of Brahmanical texts, which dates to c. 1500 to 1200 BCE.   (Brahmanism was the early precursor to Hinduism.)   The Sanskrit language developed out of proto-Indo-European, which is the root of most languages in Europe, Persia (Iran), and India.   Its closest cousins are Old Persian, and Avestan, which is the liturgical language of Zoroastrianism. Pre-Classical Sanskrit, including the language of the Rigveda, is called Vedic Sanskrit.   A later form, called Classical Sanskrit, is distinguished by the grammar standards laid out by a scholar called Panini, writing in the 4th century BCE.   Panini defined a bewildering 3,996 rules for syntax, semantics, and morphology in Sanskrit. Classical Sanskrit spawned the majority of the hundreds of modern languages spoken across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka today.   Some of its daughter languages include Hindi, Marathi, Urdu, Nepali, Balochi, Gujarati, Sinhalese, and Bengali. The array of spoken languages that arose from Sanskrit is matched by the vast number of different scripts in which Sanskrit can be written.   Most commonly, people use the Devanagari alphabet.   However, almost every other Indic alphabet has been used to write in Sanskrit at one time or another.   The Siddham, Sharda, and Grantha alphabets are used exclusively for Sanskrit, and the language is also written in scripts from other countries, such as Thai, Khmer, and Tibetan. As of the most recent census, only 14,000 people out of 1,252,000,000 in India speak Sanskrit as their primary language.   It is used widely in religious ceremonies; thousands of Hindu hymns and mantras are recited in Sanskrit.   In addition, many of the oldest Buddhist scriptures are written in Sanskrit, and Buddhist chants also commonly feature the liturgical language that was familiar to Siddhartha Gautama, the Indian price who became the Buddha.   However, many of the Brahmins and Buddhist monks who chant in Sanskrit today do not understand the actual meaning of the words they speak.   Most linguists thus consider Sanskrit a dead language.   A movement in modern India is seeking to revive Sanskrit as a spoken language for everyday use.   This movement is tied to Indian nationalism, but is opposed by speakers of non-Indo-European languages including the Dravidic-language speakers of southern India, such as the Tamils.   Given the antiquity of the language, its relative rarity in daily use today, and its lack of universality, the fact that it remains one of Indias official languages is somewhat odd.   Its as if the European Union made Latin an official language of all of its member-states.

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Averys work is the springboard for everything from recombinant DNA work to human cloning to cancer research. It has been used as a basis for other experiments that do not merely change the host genetic makeup, but actually replace one gene with another gene, and this process has even further widened the implication of Averys work. Drug resistant bacterial infections have been stemmed in part because of the processes used by Avery, in which injurious agents are introduced into the drug resistant strains, and these injurious changes are passed down through the progeny. The implications of this work for every aspect of life, from the environment to medicine to crop engineering is explored within the confines of this paper. The basis for the studies were previous studies that induced changes in higher organisms that were permanently embedded and passed on to next generations as hereditary characteristics. The first description of this phenomenon is by Griffith, who transformed variant that was non-encapsulated and attenuated into a fully encapsulated and virulent cells of another type (Avery, et al., 1943, p. 137). The present study deals with an attempt to determine the chemical nature of a substance that produces transformation of the pneumococcal types. This experiment, in which a DNA fraction, which is isolated from Type III pneumococci, transforms unencapsulated R variants, which are derivated from Pneumococcus Type II, into a fully encapsulated Type III cells, builds upon earlier studies that showed that changes induced into various pneumococcal types is determined by the encapsulated cells that are used to evoke the reaction (Avery, et al., 1943, p. 152). The researchers found it striking that variants from a Pneumococcus Type II are changed into Pneumococcus Type III cells by the addition of highly purified and protein-free material that consisted mainly of DNA. Also striking is that the capsular substance and the substance

DAVID SEDARIS Us and them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DAVID SEDARIS Us and them - Essay Example He is also curious to know what this family does during dinner time, only to find that they practice the sense of togetherness through usual talks. Though it seemed weird to the author not to conform to the norm of watching news at that particular hour, he later realized that; this family was even more normal than those families that watched the television. The aspect of equality was practiced in this homestead. Everyone had an opportunity to express their opinion and ideas during the conversation, unlike the author’s home where the parents watched the news and other programs after the news. The other concept carried by the narrative id irony, where the conformist who believed to live a correct life did not show generosity and politeness. This clear from non-conformist expression, they have placed a sign board that urges others not be greedy. However, all we see is that those who thought they were perfect were even worse in their conduct (Sedaris, page 9). The author consumes all the candy without sharing with Tom key’s children. The aspect of irony is evident in that; the audience expects the non-conformist of television to have more mistakes, by the fact that they were behind in terms of technology. Nevertheless, those who conform to the usual norms are even

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Example for Free

Online Shopping vs Brick and Mortar Shopping Essay Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast in many different ways. Some of the ways are obvious such as one is online and one is an actual store, but there are others that many different people would not even think about if they didn’t shop in both settings regularly. Knowing the benefits of online shopping and shopping in store can not only save a person the hassle of getting out when something may be better to get online, but it can also save a person tons of money knowing which setting to buy certain things from. For instance, during certain times of the year store may offer exclusive savings on certain products if you buy them online and buy them together. This kind of promotion can save you massive amounts of money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales, convenience, and coupon use. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by sales. When shopping online, stores sometimes offer exclusive sales for online only shoppers. When shopping online a person can save money on top of sales by shopping through a cash back service such as www. bates. com. Www. ebates. com will offer you a percentage of what you spend at certain stores online to encourage you to shop online at that store. When shopping online a person can take advantage of a good deal without having to justify themselves to a sales associate. Sometimes a sales associate will not agree with someone getting the great deal that their company is plainly offering. At least a computer will not argue with someone or try to make it seem like someone is trying to take advantage of the system. When shopping in store, stores also sometimes offer exclusive sales for in store shoppers only. When shopping in store a person can sometimes match prices at stores such as Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart offers to let a person match a price from another local store just by showing the cashier the print add therefore extending your savings. Some other stores like CVS also offer store cards that shoppers can use for even bigger savings and exclusive deals. Sales like these can really drop your bills! Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by convenience. When shopping online, a person can shop from the convenience of their own home. Another great advantage of shopping online is that you don’t have to take the time to put in makeup, fix your hair, or even change out of your pajamas. When online shopping a person does not have to spend gas money to get out and go to the store. Also, when shopping online a person can compare items from different stores to see which items are of better quality and value. In retrospect when shopping in a brick and mortar store associates can help a person with their purchase. When shopping in store with an associate a person can ask questions about the items that they are buying. A store associate can answer any questions about what a person is shopping for that they may have been curious about. This can be very helpful in choosing just the right products for your family. One other difference about shopping in store is that there are no shipping fees that need to be paid. There is also no wait between when a person purchases their items and when they get them. This effectively saves you both time and money. Brick and mortar shopping and online shopping compare and contrast by coupon use. When shopping online a store will sometimes offer exclusive coupon codes that are only good for online use. Sometimes the coupons that are offered online will have a higher value than a coupon that you will use in store. Stores will sometimes do this to encourage you to try shopping online as opposed to a brick and mortar setting. Also, when shopping online with coupons you do not have to deal with an associate during the checkout process. Sometimes an in store associate will argue with you about whether or not your coupon is legitimate or if that coupon can be used on the item in your cart. When shopping in store you can use paper coupons and sometimes printed coupons. Also, some stores will let you stack a manufactures coupon with a coupon put out by that particular store. This means that you can use two coupons towards the purchase of one item. The store coupon is considered the same as an in store promotion therefore allowing you to use a manufactures coupon as well. This can increase your savings dramatically. Online shopping and shopping in a brick and mortar setting compare and contrast by sales convenience, and coupon use. Online shopping and brick and mortar shopping have many different elements associated with each of them that many different people do not realize. Writing them down in an organized manner helps one to see all of the great differences and comparatives between the two. When shopping online there are great benefits such as exclusive sales, the convenience of not having to leave the house to get what you need, and that you can use exclusive online coupons. In comparison to this when shopping in a brick and mortar setting you can take advantage of in store exclusive sales and promotions, you can ask the store associates questions about the products you are buying, you don’t have to wait for the product to be delivered to you, and you can sometimes stack manufactures coupons with store coupons. These are all great comparisons and contrasts of online shopping and brick and mortar shopping, hopefully you can make an informed decision about which is best for you.

Power Relations Exposed in Truth and Power :: Truth and Power Essays

Power Relations Exposed in Truth and Power In "Truth and Power" Michel Foucault revisits the major theoretical trends and questions of his career. He is a thinker who knows no bounds of subject or field. His ideas stretch from literature to science, from psychology to labor. He deals in a currency that is accepted everywhere: truth and power. Foucault spends much of his career tracing the threads of truth and power as they intertwine with the history of human experience. He especially loves to study asylums and prisons because they are close to an encapsulated power structure. Using techniques culled from psychology, politics, anthropology, sociology, and archaeology, Foucault presents a highly politicized analysis of the flow of power and power relations. "Truth and Power" is an excerpted version of an interview with Alesandro Fontana and Pasquale Pasquino that initially appeared as "Intervista a Miche Foucault" in Microfiseca del Poetere in 1977. The interviewers first ask Foucault to revisit some of his earlier ideas and trace the path of his career. Foucault began looking at asylums, and tried to create his theories with an eye toward French politics of the Left. He soon turned to evaluating other sciences such as biology, political economy, and medicine, and came up with the concept of discontinuity: "It seemed to me that ... the rhythm of transformation doesn't follow the smooth, continuist schemas of development which are normally accepted." The idea of discontinuity became a tag which other critics and thinkers applied to him, much to his dismay. Foucault wanted only to show the susceptibility of the sciences and scientific statements to the pressures of power: At this level it's not so much a matter of knowing what external power imposes itself on science, as of what effects of power circulate among scientific statements, what constitutes, as it were, their internal regime of power, and how and why at certain moments that regime undergoes a global modification. This idea echoes Thomas Kuhn's ideas about paradigm shifts in a science, and even reverberates back to Dryden's statements about every age's "universal genius." Dryden stated that in every generation there is a general inclination of thought that affects all disciplines. Kuhn proliferated the idea that major revolutions in science are due to major paradigm shifts. The discussion then moves to structuralism, where Foucault makes some major statements about the structure of history. Foucault is ardent in asserting, "I don't see who could be more of an anti-structuralist than myself.

Usefulness of Accounting Ratios in Financial Analysis

Accounting ratios are a technique normally adopted by financial analysts in order to highlight the financial health of the company at hand.   There are a vast number of accounting ratios, each of which outlines certain aspect of the organisation.The main areas normally considered are the financial performance, financial position and financial stability of the corporation.   In this respect it is imperative that one first classifies the ratios in accordance with the aforesaid categories.   In this respect, the ratios that portray the financial position of SR Building Service Limited are: current ratio, acid test ratio, stock turnover, debtors days and credit ratio.Ratios are a static figure, which on its own merits is meaningless to the financial analyst.   Therefore it is important that such figure is either compared in the same organisation over time or with a company in the same or similar industry.   The financial ratios of Easy Build Limited are utilised in order to amp lify the financial position of SR Building Service Limited.   This will provide fruitful information on such facet.1.1 Financial Position of SR Building Service LimitedThe financial position of the company will be examined in three main areas.   These encompass the working capital on a generic basis, followed by the management of stock and debtors plus creditors.   This will be conducted in the proceeding sections.1.1.1 Working Capital of SR Building Service LimitedThe capability of the current assets to cover the current liabilities of SR Building Service Limited is inferior to the other company.   This is revealed by the lower current ratio of the firm.   The variance of 0.71 indicates that the short-term liabilities of SR Building Service Limited are in a higher proportion to the current assets.   Such variable implies that management is less effective in administering the working capital of SR Building Service Limited.Further more, the ability of the most liquid asse ts (debtors and cash and cash equivalents) to cover the short-term liabilities is also weaker than that of Easy Building Limited.   This factor is outlined in the lower acid test ratio amounting to 0.38.It is therefore pertinent to state that on a generic perspective the financial position of SR Building Service Limited is worse than the other business entity.   Further amplification of the liquidity of the company can be performed by examining in more detail the main current assets and current liabilities of the organisation.   These encompass the analysis of the stock, trade debtors and trade creditors of the firm.   Such examination will be performed in the forthcoming sections.1.1.2 Management of StockThe stock turnover ratio portrays the number of times stock of the company is turned over.   The higher such ratio the more effective is the management in the utilisation of stock.   An organisation with a low stock turnover ratio normally implies that the company is st ocking goods for a considerable time.This is a highly risky element in light that the product may quickly turn obsolete realising a price lower than its original cost.   For example, stocking a lot for retailers of clothes and electronic equipment namely computer hardware is significantly risky.   Clothes may easily turn out of fashion leading to the aforementioned effect, and technological advancements may quickly turn electronic goods into obsolete products.   Indeed organisations like Toyota nowadays are adopting a Just in Time Inventory System.   Such technique encompasses keeping stock to a minimum, normally zero level.In light of the above, SR Building Services Limited surpasses Easy Build Limited on the stock facet.   At this stage one would thus ponder the reason why the overall working capital of the firm at hand is weaker in comparison to Easy Build Limited.   The proceeding examination may shed further light on such matter.

Political and economic development Essay

The wish of every political authority is to ensure that the state under its jurisdiction is economically and politically developed to an extent that its people are not exposed to vulnerable conditions. As such, every sitting government has the responsibility of ascertaining the wellbeing of its subjects. However, this is not an easy task to achieve. Many governments have failed to develop their states economically owing to various factors, much of which remain structural and organizational. For instance, the countries being referred to as third world suffer from major political and economic crisis which make them totally dependent upon other economically stable nations. However, the question that one is bound to ask is why some nations seem to be stable politically while other nations consider this an illusion, something which needs the mediation of higher powers. This paper looks at the factors that promote and undermine political and economic development of nation states. Economic development cannot be dissociated from political stability. Political stability on the other hand comes as a result of superior organizational and structural set up of the state. Higher political participation of citizens at all levels, manifested in organized political system results in a higher socio-economic development. Higher socio-economic development on the other hand stimulates more political participation. Political participation of subjects within a given state or nation is dependent upon the political attitude of those particular subjects since it is this political attitude which finally determines whether a given clique in office if furthering their own interest or the interest of the subjects. As such, the economic and political development of any nation is dependent upon those individuals responsible for the running of the state. Political participation of subjects is the major factor which determines how a nation or state develop politically and socio-economically. However, for subjects to be active politically, they must be of a higher social status. As a state expands economically, individuals achieve higher status roles as income increase. As such, wealth is created which comes with an element of tension. As old groups become displaced, new groups emerge which will naturally compete for domination within the state. The tensions which exist within these groups resulting into conflicts will heighten political awareness among groups and individuals. This will ultimately lead to an increased political participation among the subjects. The expanding economy will also be accompanied with the creation of multifarious organizations that will root for a greater integration resulting in the desire to control the state. The complexities which characterize an expanding economy will necessitate the expansion of the apparatus of the government making its role be seen by the different social groups as relevant to their interests. As this perception increases, they are likely to take actions aimed at influencing government policies. Ever since the birth of nation states in Europe, the process of modernization has emerged and flourished within them. National development has often been realized through the notion of citizenship as part of the political culture. It is an accepted fact that all citizens have equal rights before the law. The political participation of the subjects is legitimized by national political culture to a large extent. However, as much as economic development brings about increased status and wealth, many individuals use political participation as a means to achieving other goals. As such, they withhold political participation once they recognize that they can achieve these goals through other ways. For instance, an individual may use a political office for personal economic gain while ignoring the importance of that office in protecting or furthering the wellbeing of other individuals in the nation or state (Isbister, 1998). This is however dependent on the ideals of the nation. For a nation to achieve a holistic political and economic development, political participation becomes an integral factor for it is through political participation that subjects become aware of the role of government in protecting and furthering their interest. As such, in a nation state where individuals are politically active, politicians are likely to further the nation’s agenda which is primarily political and economic stability. Many politicians gain office by deceiving the majority and while ion office, lead the state to a state of collapse. It also follows that political and economic development can be tied with leadership skills and visions of such political leaders. Many economically stable nations have collapsed due to poor leadership which has in turn led to serious crises. Honest and focussed leaders who truly understand the problems of their people are the key to economic and political stability. However, this also requires the support of the population whose participation may guarantee the nation’s stability. The organization of individuals and groups into a workable political system which represents the interest of the majority is also a key to economic and political development. According to Lijphart, the best political system is the consensus democracy where even the interests of the minority groups are taken into account when it comes to policy (Lijphart, 1999: 31-33). With this regard, economic and political development is dependent upon political participation described by political organization and governance structure.

How to deal with disagreements between young people Essay Essays

How to deal with disagreements between young people Essay Essays How to deal with disagreements between young people Essay Essay How to deal with disagreements between young people Essay Essay Allow the kids to talk their head. and listen attentively. Ensure the kids can non hear the other individual speech production. Bring them together to inquire appropriate inquiries about the event. Promote them to understand each point of position. Promote them to apologize and rectify ths dissension. If the instance is excessively serious. affect another member of staff who can cover with the instance in much item.

What is the difference between a resume and a curriculum vitae

What is the difference between a resume and a curriculum vitae If you’re on the hunt for a new job, you know the competition for available openings is tough, no matter what field you hope to enter. This means that when you’re applying for a position that seems to match your background, skill set, and interests, you need to make absolutely sure that your presentation and approach are razor sharp- this includes making sure that you follow the requirements for applying precisely. Trust us, in a job market where there are droves of qualified candidates for every available position that opens up, if you neglect to follow the procedures outlined for applying to a position, you’re likely jeopardizing your chances of being considered seriously. This includes making sure that you know the difference between a resume and a curriculum vitae (CV), and sending the correct one when asked by a potential employer. Let’s look at each to you know how to tailor your document to meet the requirements of each job post you face.ResumeMost job hunters are familiar with resumes- they’re designed to be short overviews of a candidate’s background and experience. Resumes are much shorter and less detailed than CVs, and are typically used for non-academic, non-research based positions in the United States (in other countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, CVs are often the norm when applying for jobs). Resumes are typically only about a page long, sometimes slightly more if you’ve been working for a long while or have an extremely varied job history. But unlike a CV, the goal of a resume is to be brief.A candidate’s resume is typically tailored to the position she or he is looking for, and often contains an objective or summary statement along with one’s education, experience, job-specific abilities and skills, and personal contact information. Although there are countless ways in which a resume can be formatted and designed, a straightforward, clean, and professional a pproach that embraces readability over creativity is appreciated by most HR personnel, hiring managers, and potential employers.CVA CV is typically a longer and more in-depth summary of a candidate’s skill set and experience- it can run two to three pages or more, depending on the candidate and her or his background and accomplishments. Although CVs are widely used in a variety of fields in countries outside of the United States, in America they are typically utilized when applying for academic, scientific, medical, education, research, and international employment positions. CVs are also often utilized as part of funding applications, such as for grants and fellowships. If these are the sorts of opportunities you’re pursuing, then make sure that you have a professional and polished CV at the ready.Along with the usual information that you’d find on a resume, including education, experience, job-specific abilities and skills, and personal contact information, CV s include a candidate’s teaching and research experience, publications, fellowships and grants, licenses, relevant professional associations and awards, as well as any other information that’s relevant to the position being applying for.When send in a job application, make sure you know the document a company wants to see. Take care with the document you send in- don’t just lazily send in a resume when a company asks for a CV. If you’re confused, it’s fine clarify the length and scope of what they expect. And whatever you send in, always give it a final proof before sending to make sure it’s correct, up-to-date, and free from careless typos and grammatical errors. Presentation matters. Good luck!

Against The Odds - Documented Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Against The Odds - Documented Argument - Essay Example Further, my above average intelligence greatly tilts the statistical output towards my getting high academic grades. Consequently, I will fall within the Shapiro et al research findings’ possible 15 % of students who can complete their four year college degree within six long fruitful years (Shapiro et al. 9). My intelligence will lead to my being among the 42 percent of students who are able to complete their college degrees without need to transfer to another institution (Shapiro et al. 4). The statistics espouse the responsible students can pass all college requirements. Furthermore, my allocating enough time to studying my class lessons contributes to my being one of the few successful college graduates. Consequently, my being part of the 51 percent mixed students enrolled in the average college program will help me gain much needed support from diverse student friends. The mixed student group is composed of both full time and part time student enrollees (Shapiro et al. 18). Moreover, my long list of easily retrievable relevant academic resources ensures I can submit high quality academic papers on time. Consequently, I can finish my college course within six or less years. My close kinship with the college library staff and other intelligent classmates will assure my falling within the statistical finding’s less than 35 percent student population who will receive a college diploma within six years (Radford et al. 13). The statistics affirm that the effective and efficient students will graduate from college. In addition, an interview with one my close associate affirms I will successfully grab my college diploma. The interviewee shared statistics to back up the college claim (U.S Census Bureau 1). The statistics state that there is an overall 30 increase in the number of college graduates from 1965 to 2010. Specifically,

Is there a connection between human freedom and modern physics Essay - 1

Is there a connection between human freedom and modern physics - Essay Example Every man has a natural right to pursue happiness but the human thought process is very tricky. This is Maya, and Maya incites the human mind to dance to its tune. Through its thoughts the human mind can create individual and societies but these very thoughts bring it to a state of confusion. Thinking cannot control the forces of nature, says Wilhelm (Ch1, p45). Thoughts like to drown itself in the assumption that it has control over the senses and nature. Ideas are intelligent perceptions but they too can take different forms. An individual has to assume responsibility to express ideas and this may eventually lead to a new reality. This demonstrates the power in human thoughts, and this very power of ideas, reality and thoughts have led to discoveries in science. Ideas have the power to make us believe in the reality or turn the ideas into reality. It also has the power to create chaos. Human beings are always struggling for freedom – freedom not from other human beings but from their own thoughts. Freedom is not external to the self. Freedom lies in one’s own thinking process, in one’s own perception. It is freedom from one’s own confusion. This is precisely what Lord Krishna in Bhagwad Gita has conveyed. Human beings are forever fighting with their own inner selves – sometimes the divine mind reigns Supreme only to be overpowered by the demonic thoughts. Freedom is to evolve from this Maya and und erstand the Reality. It is freedom from the inner conflict and not a fight between two individuals that has been portrayed. Arjuna’s thoughts and ideas formed a chain and distorted the Reality; he was far away from the Truth. Today human beings view freedom as a right without responsibility. Standards of behavior are determined through the use of statistical curves. Money and success is the yardstick of freedom. Money is linked to spirituality. Spiritualism is a profession and those

Industrial Activity and Environment in China Article

Industrial Activity and Environment in China - Article Example There is a need to find some ways to enable economic growth as well as reducing the environmental pollution. The article discusses the economic aspects with respect to the environmental perspective. However, China is considered as the reference country to depict the industrial growth and the concentration of different harmful pollutants to the atmosphere. As China has the world’s biggest population, the number of industries in China is increasing day by day and with the increase China has become the biggest producer of carbon dioxide. It is estimated that with this massive amount of air pollution about 300, 0000 people die annually. There is a need to consider the environmental health with the economic growth. Despite the fact that the China has the world’s biggest population, the average air pollution decreased due to the certain efforts of China’s environmental regulatory authorities. Results show that the average atmospheric SO2 levels decreased around 1997 to 2002, while, a little increase was seen in 2000. However, an increase in the average atmospheric SO2 is seen around 2002 to 2004. Similarly the average level of soot emission also decreased around 1997 to 2002 and a minor increase was seen around 2002 to 2004. The similar case is with the dust emissions from industries. These are the three major components of air pollution. The decrease in these three components consequently lowered the pollution intensity, which was at the recorded level in 1998 and now it is on the lowest level. The major producers of the pollutants are the China’s manufacturing industries like the steel/iron industries in China. Thus the industries are considered as the dirtiest industries among all other.

Basic personality of an individual

Basic personality of an individual Its very important for an individual to know about his personality. â€Å"Personality has been defined as an individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behaviour, together with the psychological mechanismshidden or notbehind those patterns†. No two persons can be the same they differ at any point even the twins possess different personality behaviour. Over period of research analysis it was found out that the personality is determined by the Heredity, Environment and Situation of the individual. (Robbins Judge, 2009) I have never thought of what my personality is, so when i was asked to write an essay on what my personality was it was just a great task for me to writing about my personality. Later with the help of Prentice Halls Self Assessment Library i came to know a little about my personality. At first it seemed to be a normal one for me to attend the test but later after seeing the results had me to take the test seriously and was involved in the test to find my personality. So with the help of this Self Assessment test, this essay will be discussing my personality behaviour and the thing that motivate me in the job environment. My basic personality: Emotional stability, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and openness to experience. These are called as Big Five models of personality (Robbins Judge,2009).Emotions are the intense feelings that are directed at someone are something. I am always enthusiastic person but becoming a calm person by and by. I always lose my calmness easily but by doing some personality development classes I have started being a calm person and enthusiastic person. When a work is assigned to me and if it is capable of me to work i do it with enthusiasm and finish it. I am a person who thinks that the responsibility is achieved and cannot be taken. It is us who are responsible for ones future and about dependability to say I depend on many sources like my friends, elders during some actions. As I used to like in the residential campus from my schooling so in the starting days i used to be an introvert person being alone and used to talk to only few persons but by and by as the time passes I changed myself into an extrovert person and started getting together with other persons and like the company of others. I am also not an openness person because comfortableness is found in the ones which are familiar to me rather than the ones that are not familiar to me. Jungian 16-Type Personality: This test tells that my score result is ENTP which means i am an innovative, individualistic, versatile and entrepreneurial. I have an idea of establishing an sole business for profits and also like to face risks and take challenges it was easy forme to adopt to the surrounding and I am an person who does not like to be independent and like to be a fellow person in a group rather than a some person in a group. Am I a Type-A? : In this personality test i achieved A+ personality type. I believe that it reflects only some of my qualities like that aggressive, moving, walking, eating rapidly and the impatient quality and job satisfaction in routine and really on speed. As of doing work i dont like to do both things at a time but rather like concentrating on each thing and like to work out in groups I dont like to wok on long term results but rather like to work on fast yielding results.. Ambiguity: Ambiguity refers to the term doubtfulness or uncertainty. This can be interacted as the uncertainty in the behaviour of the person seen at different situations. (Ritov and Droary, 1996) I do agree with the test partially as it reflects my personality because i tend to be more comfortable in front of the known people rather than the ones whom i dont know. I like the things going in the same way rather than changing immediately. But this one is worked out to be only outside the organization but within the organization the result reflects my personality. So for me the result reflects my personality in the work place or an organization because I like to work in a group if i am uncertain of what i am i cant be friendly to the other people. So by this I cant say that i can handle ambiguity depending on the circumstances around me. Creativity: Creativity is one of the finest ability to survive in the present world. â€Å"Roger von Oech Creative thinking involves imagining familiar things in a new light, digging below the surface to find previously undetected patterns, and finding connections among unrelated phenomena.†Ã‚   I am not an creative person but was good at studies and score good percentage but the creative ability is very less in me .During my group presentation I could find the things that are available only but could not come up with anything new which my fellow mates could come up with on a particular idea. Hence i can judge to myself that i am low at creative thinking Being creative is seeing the same thing as everybody else but thinking of something different All the five assessments test discussed above are about my personality now we will discuss about the things that motivate me and there insights. The first test is about what Motivates Me? Motivation means â€Å"The process that accounts for an individuals intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal†. (Robbins Judge, 2009: 175).The key elements in motivation are Intensity, Direction, Persistence. For the test the analysis was made on the Growth, relatedness and Existence needs. I prefer to be given an loyal pay for the work done that was done me rather than adjusting with the unbalanced pay and if you are paid according to the work this would motivate you and make you to work hard .It was during my job as a marketing sales executive where my boss called everyone up and said he would be giving an bonus payment for the ones who makes more sales for every three months, this announce by the boss has made everyone to work hard and it helped everyone on both sides. Dominant Needs: The dominant test was carried out on four social needs Achievement, Affiliation, Autonomy, Power. I agree with the test result because i am so much focused to excel in my studies during my under graduation time because of my failure in a unit ,so during the next exam I thought to improve myself and perform better than the past result and achieved it and the similar one is being following in my life like doing the things with comparing the past results. Even the companies take the past result into consideration and plan the present strategy. The other social needs are still satisfactory for me. On the test result of what i value most? It Is a very good test question for me because it reflects most of my ideas in doing or choosing an job at an organization. As of the result shows my ideas of an ideal job whether it is a good pay, prestigious title, vacation time, security in job, recognition,interesting work, plesent working conditions friendly co-workers but i scored quite low in the flexible schedule which says that i like to work in an designed schedule rather than frequent changes. The next test is Whats my view on the nature of people? This test result was based on the Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y. It is said by the Douglas McGregors that the person with Theory X possess to be lazy, disinterest in working while the Theory Y is quite contradictory to Theory X. Persons with Theory Y tend to work interestingly and are very responsible in their work.Based on the scores of the result the personality of a person is divided evenly. According to the assessment test result I am flexible in the selection of my senses. An example for this can be during the group formation of a particular unit. Each and everyone are new for me and I have no idea of their knowledge, personality and behaviour. Few of them looked to be smart , not active, lazy and thought I had fallen in an unexpected group and have decided to try my luck in the group but as the timed passed by the group was more friendly and everyone are quite different from what I judged. The next test is on the course performance goals? The test is basically trying to test our reasons to study and whether it is an goal oriented study course work or not. I have come to Australia from India for doing my Post graduation in Telecom and Business Management. As I want to explore my knowledge globally and three would be no sense if I have come here without any goal and waste my money. I have done my Under graduation in India and as have a goal of establishing an business and thought to establish that business in Australia. So thought to do my post Graduation in Australia which help me in two things like getting to know the Australian culture and will also be obtaining a study degree. The next question is about how confident am i in my Abilities to succeed? Without self confidence and hard work achieving goals is not easy. Robbins and Judge (2009) states that self-efficacy refers to an individuals belief that he or she is capable of performing a task .An example for this can be the recent job which i had got in an software company .My role is to call the customers and remind them to make their outstanding balances, at first when i started making calls i was so much shocked by the responses of the customers and as it a new challenge for me to compete i thought to withdrew from the job by the response of the customers but the team leader helped me in rising my confidence and after that the job was not as it is before . The next test is about my Attitude toward Achievement: this test helps in understanding the reaction of the individual on the success of the others. The scores tell me that i favour very less seeing the successful people fall. An example for this can be the present fall of an Indian originated MNC company SATYAM. The chairman of the company had worked hard to build-up the company but he had been cheating the company share holders from past few years showing fake annual results of the company. I do also like to see the successful people being rewarded. An example for this can be the Issue of Oscar award to the Indian Musician A.R.Rahman. I like to get paid for what i do and expect to be given the same importance as other who do the same work as I do. In a short and simple to say i expect the outcomes to be the same as the incomes of which i keep. The assessment result says my character as the equity sensitivities which is an mirror image of my quality and idea. The job motivation potential is calculated depending on the factors of skills,task identity,task significance,Autonomy and Feedback.I like to work in a job where there is variety ,less contribution moderate autonomy and a constant feedback for my work. During my job as an call centre operator i used to have variety tasks to complete and my contribution would be less for the company and used to get a constant feedback for every call I talk. Do I want an Enriched job? Everyone like to have a enriched job. â€Å"job enrichment strategies may not have the same effects in more collectivistic cultures than they do in individualistic cultures† (Robbins and Judge, 2009: 237).The result shows that i like have a job with innovation, security, friendly employees and my ability to excel. It would be wonderful thing to summarise my essay in few lines. With the help of this essay it was able for me to know my personality and motivation. My personality is an emotional stability one with a less creative knowledge and stress based and have ambiguity quality and need to reduce this. On for the ones that motivates me are the during my job is the good pay for the job ,friendly environment, power to do, security in the job, mindset of the people, aim oriented and the attitude towards the achievement and the level of confidence in achieving the goal.

Free Hamlet Essays: Imagery in Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Imagery in Hamlet  Ã‚   The imagery in the play of Hamlet is composed of disease, poison, and decay this adds to the overall atmosphere of horror and tragedy. First, hamlet uses images of disease to show the state of the country of Denmark and his mother. Second, the imagery of poison is used to describe his father’s death. Lastly, Hamlet describes his feelings toward himself and Claudius and his feelings toward his mother by using images of decay. In Hamlet, as in all literature, imagery adds to reader’s ability to imagine the feeling of the story. In the first act of Hamlet, Hamlet uses imagery of disease to describe the state of Denmark. He is unhappy with what has happened with the country. "There is something rotten in the state of Denmark." He is describing how disgusted he is with his mother and how she is sleeping with his uncle using images of disease. "It will but skin and film the ulcerous place / Whiles rank corruption, mining all within, infects unseen." The imagery of disease is a main factor in this story and is used in large amounts. It shows a feeling of disgust that Hamlet has with the surrounding situation in the play and his life. Imagery of poison is used when the ghost describes the death of Hamlets father in a way to disgust Hamlet and goad hi into revenge. "†¦/ thy uncle stole / with juice of cursed hebona in a vile, / And in the porches of my ears did pour / The leperous distilment, whose effect / Holds such an enmity with blood of man / †¦ / And curd, like eager droppings into milk, / †¦ / with vile and loathsome crust / All my smooth body." The imagery of poison is used to express and induce a feeling of horror into the reader. Hamlet is obsessed with suicide and wants his skin to melt off because he is disgusted with himself. "O that this too too sullied flesh would melt, / Thaw, and resolve itself into a dew†¦" This adds a felling that hamlet is disturbed and growing worse. He then wants the king to die like a beggar and rip out his guts. "Nothing but to show you how a king may go a progress / through the guts of a beggar." This shows an effect that hamlet is angry and disturbed by adding a felling of horror.

“I wish I could remember” by Christina Rossetii Essay

Christina Rossetii had expressed her regret and longing to recall the â€Å"first day, first hour, first moment† of the â€Å"unrecorded† first meeting of her youthful love. She consider the first meeting â€Å"mean so little† in the old days, she thought it was â€Å"dull† to remember the youthful love that she knew would not last long in her life. However, as time pass by, She felt regretful she would like and wish to â€Å"recall† the memory of the â€Å"days of day† and â€Å"first touch of hand in hand†. Metaphor, simile and personification were used in the poem as to express her emotion of regret. Christina Rossetii wrote â€Å"my tree† as to represent her life with metaphor. Also, she express memory to â€Å"thaw of bygone snow† by simile. She also made use of personification as to show the memory fade out into slip away. Besides, she had make use of words related to senses such as â€Å"touch†, â€Å"see† and â€Å"say†. Moreover, she used repetition, alliteration, assonance and internal rhymes. For repetition, she repeated the word â€Å"I could† many times as to express her longing to remember the memory of the meeting. For alliteration, she used the words like â€Å"meeting me† to attract us. For assonance, she stress on the vowel sound ‘O’ very much to catch our soundings. And for internal rhymes, she used words like ‘hour’ and ‘your’, ‘see’ and ‘foresee’, ‘o ne’ and ‘know’. Christina Rossetii used the image of season, time, memory, nature, evasion and nothingness in â€Å"I wish I could remember†. She made the contrast in summer and winter in season as she express the past has gone just like the â€Å"bygone snow† by using metaphor and now her â€Å"first day, first hour, first moment† just like season and time go so fast and could not be caught. Besides, she showed her longing to remember the moment by making use of the words of recollect’, ‘remember’, ‘recall’ and ‘bygone’. Moreover, she created the image of nature with words like ‘tree’ and ‘blossom’ as things change everyday like nature does although it is beautiful and wonderful that she miss that particular â€Å"first day†. Also, she indicated her love has gone and so as the memory of that day as the evasion with words like slip away by personification. She did not want to remember that day in her life as she didn’t think it was worth and just to evade. Besides, she used the nothingness with words â€Å"traceless†, â€Å"aught† to show the vanishing memory of  the first meeting memory. She loved to use conditionals in the sonnet s to express her longing for going back to the past and recollect the first meeting memory. She had used the falling tone as to express her regret, sadness and longing to remember also. Christina Rossetii stress on her theme that we would feel different at different stages of our life. And as her own experience, she thought the first meeting was not a big deal in her life and did not worth to remember it. But while she realized that feeling last long and she thought this mean so much and she just want to recollect that memory of the first day. We always learnt to regret and cherish after losing but not before losing it, we should learn to cherish everything around us as not to be regretful till the end.

Effect of Temperature on Content of Vitamin C Essay

Introduction A daily intake of Vitamin C is essential for humans. Without it, the disease scurvy develops as sailors, explorers and people during the long winters in the Northern hemisphere found before the time of Captain Cook. The British Navy started giving sailors lime juice to prevent scurvy on long voyages in 1795. Vitamin C is found in high levels in foods such as oranges, limes, lemons, blackcurrants, parsley and capsicums. Vitamin C is water soluble and is therefore not stored or synthesized in the body, thus a daily supply is required. It breaks down, and is no longer effective due to factors such as extreme temperatures or storage for more than a few days. Aim To investigate the effect of temperature of juice on the content of Vitamin C. Variables Independent: Temperature of orange juice – 25 °C, 50 °C, 100 °C Dependent: Content of Vitamin C recorded by the number of Iodine drops Controlled: Amount of orange juice – 2mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled: Amount of starch solution – 2mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled: Amount of hydrochloric acid 1M – 2 drops from a dropper bottle Controlled: Amount of distilled water – 4mL measure using a 25mL pipette Controlled: Molar concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) – 1M controlled using the same dropper bottle of HCl each time Hypothesis As the temperature of the juice increases the content of Vitamin C will decrease. Materials: Nudie orange juice Iodine Starch solution Dropper bottle hydrochloric acid 1M Distilled water 3 conical flasks Test tube rack Bunsen burner 25mL pipette 250mL beaker Heat proof mat Safety Glasses Thermometer Gloves Safety coat Method 1. Place 10mL of Nudie orange juice in a 250mL beaker. 2. Using a Bunsen burner, heat the juice to 25 °C. 3. Measure temperature by placing a thermometer in the juice. 4. Once juice is 25 °C, using a 25mL pipette, add 2mL of the juice into a clean conical flask. 5. Using a 25mL pipette, add 4 mL of distilled water and 2mL of starch solution. 6. Add 2 drops of hydrochloric acid 1M (HCL). 7. Using a dropper bottle of iodine, add iodine drops counting the number of drops added and mixing the solution after each drop. 8. Once the solution starts to turn purple, record the number of iodine drops added for purple to appear. 9. Clean conical flasks using water. 10. Repeat steps 1-9 with 50 °C juice and 100 °C juice. Complete 3 trials for each. Risk Assessment: Risk Prevention Hydrochloric can irritate the skin if in contact Keep the lid closed when not in use. Wear gloves, a safety coat and glasses Risk of Bunsen burner burning the skin Turn the Bunsen burner off when not in use Use a heat proof mat underneath it Keep a safe distance when burning Test tubes are breakable and my cut the skin Keep test tubes in the test tube rack Handle with care Results: Effect of temperature of juice on the content of Vitamin C Temperature of orange juice Number of Iodine drops Average 25 °C 16 drops 14 drops 13 drops 14 drops 50 °C 7 drops 10 drops 8 drops 8 drops 100 °C 5 drops 3 drops 5 drops 4 drops Discussion Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid is an essential water-soluble nutrient for humans and some animal species. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant serving to prevent cellular damage which is the common pathway for cancer, aging, and a variety of diseases. Vitamin C is also required to make collagen, a protein that aids the healing of wounds. The body also needs vitamin C as it improves the absorption of iron and supports the immune system. Vitamin C can be found predominantly in citrus fruits and green vegetables. The Recommended Daily Intake (RDA) is 60 mg per day. Vitamin C deficiency may cause Scurvy. Taking too much vitamin C can cause diarrhea, nausea and stomach cramps. Vitamin C is the most unstable vitamin which can be easily denatured. At high temperature, in the presence of sun light and oxygen present in air, vitamin C reacts and it is oxidized. Excessive amounts of heat can destroy vitamin C completely. At 70 °C vitamin C is denatured so it should be preserved below 70 °C to avoid heat damage. (Admin, 2013) This experiment should show a result of decreased vitamin C content as the  temperature is increased. It can be seen from the results table and graph of this experiment that the lower the temperature the more vitamin C is present in the orange juice. Each trial was fairly precise and the average showed a near consistent decrease in vitamin C content as the temperature increased. The average drops at 25 °C were 14 and the average at 100 °C was 4 showing a decrease in 10 drops. The results supported the hypothesis as it was clearly seen that as the temperature of the juice increases the content of Vitamin C will decrease. The procedural method was solid and straightforward. There were, however a couple possible sources of error. Using droppers to measure the hydrochloric acid and add the iodine is not very accurate and may produce different quantities which could affect the results. This random error maybe reduced by getting a more accurate measuring device. The major problem however was the interpretation of the colour purple once adding the iodine drops. This is a random error as it affects each result differently depending on the interpretation. To reduce this error, a colour chart should be used to compare with the solution to give a more accurate result on the interpretation of purple. Oxygen and sunlight also denatures vitamin C. The longer the juice was left in the open the more oxygen and sunlight that could decrease the content of vitamin C. The me thod needs to be changed so that it states to put the lid back on the orange juice or a specific time added so each trial the juice is exposed to air for the same amount of time to get more precise results. Conclusion Vitamin C is the most unstable vitamin which can easily be denatured. The investigation was successful with some random errors however the results still supported the hypothesis. Only minor changes are necessary to the experiment but overall the results coincided with the research of the effect of temperature on vitamin C content. To keep high presence of vitamin C while cooking it is recommended that the vegetables are cooked in low heat and small amounts of water for short periods to minimize the loss of vitamin C. Bibliography Admin. (2013, February 14). At What Temperature Does Vitamin C Denature? Retrieved April 15, 2014, from Vitaminable: http://www.vitaminable.com/at-what-temperature-does-vitamin-c-denature.html Ehrlich, S. D. (2011, July 7). Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid). Retrieved April 15, 2014, from University of Maryland Medical Center: http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/vitamin-c-ascorbic-acid Office of Dietary Supplements. (2011, June 24). Vitamin C. Retrieved April 15, 2014, from Office of Dietary Supplements – National Institutes of Health: http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-QuickFacts/

Female Students in Sports Sociology Essay

Female Students in Sports Sociology Essay The Lack of High School Female Students in Sports Sociology Essay The Lack of High School Female Students in Sports Sociology Essay The Social Factors Which Contribute to the Lack of High School Female Students in Sports In the United States, organized sports activities constitute a crucial part of high school life, particularly for male students. However, the situation is not the same for female high school students who have been historically sidelined in sporting activities at the high school levels (Arzu, Tuzun, Eker, 2006). In an attempt to ensure equality with respect to the access to all institutional activities, including sports, the Title IX of the 1972 Educational Amendments was passed. It has played a crucial role in ensuring that female students would also be involved into sports activities (United States Department of Justice, 2012). Before the passage of Title IX legislation, female students were mainly involved in the cheering of their male counterparts. However, the passage of the law helped in ensuring actual female participation in the field. Despite the significant efforts adopted at the policy level aimed at improving female students’ participation in sports activities at v arious institutional levels, equality in sports participation between male and female students is an issue that still has to be realized. It is evident by the under-representation of female students in all sports activities at all institutional levels (Cozby, 2012). Title IX greatly emphasizes the structural mechanisms that institutions can implement in order to ensure equal participation in sports between female and male students. Nevertheless, such structural measures tend to be ineffective when not used in combination with other measures that deal with the social barriers to participation in sports (Gratton Jones, 2010). Underrepresentation of female students in sports stems from the fact that the ratio of male students taking part in sports to the overall male student population has been consistently higher than the ratio of female students participating in sports to the overall female student population. To this end, there is the need to have an understanding of the factors th at hinder and promote female students’ participation in sports activities at various institutional levels. The proposed study seeks to explore the social factors contributing to lack of participation in sports by high school female students. Statement of the Problem The specific research problem to investigation relates to the social factors that contribute to lack of female participation. Various studies have tried to outline the issue of sports participation. However, few of them have focused specifically on social factors, especially for young females (Coleman, Cox, Roker, 2008; Craike, Symons, Zimmermann, 2009). Moreover, a majority of studies on sports participation and the factors that influence the process have utilized structured quantitative approaches, which are deemed effective only when describing phenomenon rather than exploring it. Therefore, there is a need to make use of unstructured qualitative approach in order to develop a comprehensive list of social factors influencing female participation in sports (Dagkas, Benn, Jawad, 2011). Knowledge gained from current research will supplement the existing information regarding social factors that influence female participation in sports. Moreover, the findings from the proposed rese arch will be helpful in formulating measures that can be used to improve female participation in sports activities. Purpose of the Study The proposed qualitative grounded theory seeks to explore the social factors contributing to lack of female high school students’ participation in sports activities. In this respect, the proposed study will gather the views of female students having varying levels of sports participation in order to ascertain the social factors that either encourage or discourage them from participating in sports activities. The proposed study also seeks to explore the reasons for participating or lack thereof, as well as the ways that can be used in encouraging female students to participate in sports. In addition, despite the fact that participation in sports by female students has received considerable attention in literature, relatively few studies have tried to address the social factors at the individual level that encourage or discourage female students from participating in sports. Therefore, the proposed study seeks to address such gap in literature. Research Questions 1.What are the experiences and motivations that female high schools associated with participation in sports? The focus of current research question is on the manner in which female students describe and perceive sports, including their experiences associated with it. In addition, emphasis is placed on the factors that encourage or discourage participation in sports. The differences in the perceptions, experiences and motivations among female students with varying levels of sports participation will be reported. It will be helpful in ascertaining which perceptions and experiences associated with high levels of sports participation and vice versa. 2. How to transitions in high school affect participation in sports among female students? Current research question emphasizes on the key transitions that take place in the lives of female high school students, and how they affect the level of participation in sports events. Some of the transitions that may influence the female high school students include the progression to higher grades and transition to young adulthood among others (Hassandra, Goudas, Chroni, 2003). In order to answer the question whether such transitions encourage or discourage participation in sports, it is necessary other potential transitions. They include the developmental challenges associated with adolescence, including how they affect participation in sports (Hsu, et al., 2011). 3. What are the environment factors affecting participation in sports among female high school students? Current research question emphasizes on the environmental factors that may influence participation in sports among young female students in high school. Environmental factors relate to the descriptions that participants will provide regarding the school and their area of residence. Some of the environmental factors that will be investigated in the proposed research include the availability and accessibility of sports facilities in school and within the community, opportunities to participate in sports and perceptions regarding the nature of sports facilities among others (Eime, Payne, Casey, Harvey, 2010). 4. What are the social factors that influence participation in sports among female high school students? Current research question places emphasis on the social factors that influence participation in sports among young female students. The scope of social factors is diverse and will comprise of such factors as gender influences, influence of peer grouping, socioeconomic status (Dollman Lewis, 2010), influence of culture, influence of religion and family background among others. Specifically, the study will try to delineate the social factors that are associated with low levels of participation in sports. 5. What are the psychological factors that influence participation in sports among female high school students? Above-given research question will emphasize on the psychological factors influencing participation in sports among young female students. Some of the psychological factors that will be explored in the proposed study will include the perceived competence and ability in sports, self-motivation to participate in sports and personal effort and commitment to participate in sports (Kurc Leatherdale, 2009). Theoretical Perspectives on Gender Inequality in Sports Participation A number of theoretical perspectives have been used in explaining gender disparity in sports participation, which include male dominance, masculinity and influence of religion on women. With respect to male dominance, lack of female participation in sports has been attributed to a patriarchal system characterized by males having power, exercising authority, dominating leadership roles and exercising authority over women and children (Eitzen, 2012). In the context of sports, male dominance is manifested through men managing and controlling almost all sports organizations across the globe, including the United States. In addition, male dominance is evidenced by the relatively small percentage of women in decision-making positions in sports organizations and institutions when compared to men. Essentially, sports is perceived to perpetuate the already existing dominance in other aspects of society. Masculinity adopts a different view in trying to explain lack of female participation in s ports by suggesting that sports is perceived to be a masculine activity. Therefore, women are considered intruders. In this regard, women trying to participate in sports may face institutional and ideological barriers that diminish their desire to participate in sports events (Eitzen, 2012). O’Reilly (2012) suggested that the fact that sports is considered to be an activity that allows men to show their masculine competency implies that women have no place in sports. It is similar with activities considered feminine, where males have no place. Therefore, the masculine-feminine dichotomy can be used in explaining lack of female participation in sports (OReilly, 2012). The influence of religion on women has also been used in explaining low level of female participation in sports, particular for Muslim women. In this regard, Islamic concerns associated with modesty and body culture explains such tendency among Muslim women and girls (Benn, Pfister, Jawad, 2010). Sports particip ation among Muslim women is limited by sportswear, which is considered revealing in Muslim world. The influence of religion on female sports participation is evident by the fact that Arab countries have the lowest female representation in sports when compared to countries from other countries (Benn, Pfister, Jawad, 2010). Despite the fact that such three theoretical perspectives can be based on different explanations, they all comprise of social factors that warrant investigation with respect to how they influence sports participation among young females. Empirical Research on Factors Influencing Sports Participation The issue of sports participation has been vastly explored in literature by various authors. One of the factors reported in literature that influences sports participation among both girls and boys relates to perceived image associated with sports (Casey, Eime, Payne, Harvey, 2009; Dollman Lewis, 2010; Grubbs Carter, 2002; Murphy, Dionigi, Litchfield, 2014). In this regard, Casey et al (2009) reported that girls in grade 7 are positively influenced by sports and physical activities. Another study by Kurc Leatherdale (2009) also reported that sports activities are perceived by students as fun, resulting in high rates of sports participation among both male and female students. In another study, Coleman, Cox and Roker (2008) reported significant differences in terms of images and perceptions towards sports among female students with different levels of sports participation. Specifically, the authors reported that female students having high levels of sports participation had posit ive perceptions regarding sports in general, whereas non-participants had negative perceptions of it. The competitive nature of sports has also been identified as a barrier to sports participation among Australian students. Specifically, female students reported significant differences regarding their perceptions about the competitive nature of sports, which hindered their participation (Murphy, Dionigi, Litchfield, 2014). The authors also reported that the competitive nature of sports reduces the perceived level of fun associated with it. Regarding the image of sports, it can be inferred that sports activities perceived to be fun and positive images and experiences associated with sports are facilitators of sports participation. However, the competitive nature of sports activities acts as a barrier that prevents young people from participating in it. The role of social support in influencing sports participation has also been affirmed by various studies. In this respect, various aspects of social support have been explored, including social relationships with friend, family, peers and role models among others. For instance, Casey et al. (2009) found that support from friends, teachers and family influenced the decision made by rural adolescent girls to participate in sports and physical activities. In another study by GÃ ³mez-LÃ ³pez, Gallegos, Extremera (2010) inadequate social support was identified as a barrier to sports participation among university students. The findings of GÃ ³mez-LÃ ³pez, Gallegos and Extremera were also consistent with the findings reported by Hsu, et al. (2011) who found that support from friends and family is a significant predictor of participation in sports and physical activity. In addition, lack of family support has been cited by students as one of the primary barriers to sports participation (Kelishadi, Hosseini, Mirmoghtadaee, Mansouri, Poursafa, 2010). Another study by Kurc and Leatherdale (2009) explored the relationship between social support and levels of participation in sports and physical activities and showed that male and female students having low social support were less likely to participate in sports and physical activities when compared to students having higher social support. Other studies that have identified lack of family support as a barrier to sports participation include the works of Shields, Synnot, Barr (2012) and Yungblut, Schinke, McGannon (2012). The role of the family, besides social support, is also crucial in influencing participation in sports and physical activities. Various studies have investigated the effect of different family aspects in influencing sports participation. For instance, it has been found that having active parents and siblings is positively associated with sports participation among young people. In addition, family encouragement and family members’ physical activities behavior have been reported to be predictors of participation in sports (Hassandra, Goudas, Chroni, 2003). On the other hand, discouragement from family members negatively influences sports participation among young people (Lovell, El Ansari, Parker, 2010). The significant role that fathers play in influencing sports participation has been emphasized in literature. In addition, the nature and level of participation in sports is usually influenced by the beliefs and expectations of parents, particularly fathers. Despite the fact that most studies acknowledge the crucial role that fathers play, Ullrich-French Smith (2009) found out that the relationship with mother played much greater role in continued participation in soccer among boys aged between 10 and 14 years. The crucial role that the family plays in influencing sports participation was discredited by Thompson et al. (2010). They found that the family is an insignificant factor with respect to influencing participation in sports. It is mostly attributed to such factors as different interests and ages of children and adults, busy lifestyle, transportation problems, inadequate money to support family physical activity, bad weather and facilities being inaccessible. Among Muslim girls, parental influence has been cited as one of the primary obstacles to sports participation, especially among girls (Dagkas, Benn, Jawad, 2011). Other parent-related barriers to sports participation include unhealthy parental modelling and poor parent relationship (Casper, Bocarro, Kanters, Floyd, 2011). The socializing nature of sports has also been reported as a crucial factor for sports participation in various studies. For instance, Craike, Symons and Zimmermann (2009) found out that making sports appealing to the socializing needs of women plays an important role in increasing sports participation. In addition, Eime, Payne, Casey, Harvey (2010) revealed that women who participate in sports are mainly motivated by the need for social interaction. Therefore, the authors conclude that socialization plays a crucial role in influencing sports participation. In another study by Jamalis and Fauzee (2007), the findings indicated that majority of students who take part in after-school activities were mainly motivated by the need to socialize with friends. Socioeconomic position is another factor that has been found to influence participation in sports among young people. Casper, et al. (2011) explored the relationship between socioeconomic status and participation in sports among young people in middle school, and found that more constraints to sports participation were reported among lower socioeconomic status students, girls and Latinos who did not participate in sports. In another study by Dollman Lewis (2010) to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic position and the level of participation in sports and physical activities among young South Australians aged 10-15 years, it was found that students from high socioeconomic positions reported higher participation in organized sports compared to low socioeconomic position students. In addition, low socioeconomic position girls had lower parental support to participate in sports and physical activities. Cultural influence as a barrier to sports participation has also been investigated in literature. With respect to this, Araki, Kodani and Gupta (2013) studied the meanings and understandings that various cultures associate with sports. The authors found that culture had a profound impact on the motivation to take part in sports and physical activities, as well as the experiences associated with them. Another study by Hassandra, Goudas, Chroni (2003) reported cultural values as one of the socio-environmental factors that influence participation in sports and physical activities. In a study by Kahan (2009) to determine the correlates, types and level of physical activity and sports participation among university students of Middle Eastern origin, it was found the level of sports participation was influenced significantly by religion and the level of acculturation to the American culture. Specifically, the study reported that highly acculturated and moderately religious individuals wer e more likely to participate in sports. A number of socio-environmental factors influencing sports participation have also been explored in literature. They include social preconceptions, cultural values, participation in community sports and physical activities and availability of sports facilities in schools. Apart from the socio-environmental factors that influence sports participation, studies have also reported a number of individual factors that influence the level of sports participation, which include students’ perceived competence in sports (Craike, Symons, Zimmermann, 2009), goal orientation and physical appearance, personal choice and motivation to participate in sports (Eime, Payne, Casey, Harvey, 2010), and self-esteem (Markowitz, 2012). A positive association exists between self-esteem and the levels of sports participation (Markowitz, 2012). As Markowitz explains, despite the fact that sports participation helps in building one’s self-esteem, a reciprocal relationship exists between them in t he sense that self-esteem is a determinant of sports participation. Specifically, students having lower self-esteem are likely to report lower levels of sports participation when compared to students having high self-esteem. Despite the fact that the issue of sports participation is vastly explored in literature, little attention has been directed towards the social barriers that influence sports participation among women. In addition, most studies have used structured quantitative measures, which are only effective in describing phenomena rather than exploring it. As a result, there is a need to use unstructured qualitative methods in understanding the topic of interest. Research Method The proposed study is primarily explorative, which justifies the use of a qualitative approach in addressing the research problem. The study places an emphasis on gathering detailed information to help understand human behavior, including factors that determine human behaviors. In this case, such method relates to the female students’ decision on whether to participate in sports or not. The explorative nature of proposed research is the main reason for preferring a qualitative approach to a quantitative one that is mainly used in confirmatory research (Creswell, 2011). According to Daymon and Holloway (2010), confirmatory research focuses on determining the relationships between variables using statistical techniques. Anyway, it cannot be applied to the proposed study, which focuses on exploring the social factors contributing to lack of participation in sports among female high school students instead of determining the relationships that may exist between the identified soci al factors. In addition, the qualitative approach was deemed suitable for the proposed study because it will not utilize a tentative hypothesis to be evaluated. On contrary, the study will utilize open research questions, which means that the researcher anticipates the discovery of new insights in the course of the research. The proposed study is flexible, which makes it inappropriate for quantitative research (Daymon Holloway, 2010). The specific qualitative design that will be employed in the proposed study is grounded theory. Silverman (2013) points out that the grounded theory is a research tool that seeks to help the researcher in exploring and conceptualizing social patterns about a topic that is under investigation. Moreover, grounded theory seeks to help the researcher in developing theory about the topic being studied (Nardi, 2003), which in the context of the proposed study is the factor that hinders female high school students from participating in sports. By employing grounded theory, the proposed research study seeks to develop a conceptual model that can be utilized in having a detailed understanding of the factors that affect the decision made by female high school students on whether to participate in sports or not. Data Collection and Analysis Data for the proposed research will be collected using semi-structured interviews (Silverman, 2013). In this respect, the researcher will conduct interviews to a point at which no new information can be received. The semi-structured interviews will be guided by an interview protocol, which focuses mainly on the social factors that influence the behaviors and attitudes of female high school students towards level, reasons and ways that can be used in encouraging sports participation among female high school students. All the interview sessions will be recorded upon the consent of participants. In addition, the recorded interviews will be transcribed verbatim. After that, thematic content analysis will be used to process the transcribed qualitative data. The proposed qualitative grounded theory research seeks to explore the factors that discourage female students from participating in sports. Data will be gathered using semi-structured interviews, which will be transcribed and analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings presented by the proposed research will be helpful in understanding why female high school students refrain from participating in sports events.