The Negative Effects of Divorce on Children

â€Å"So many persons think divorce a panacea for every ill, find out, when they try it, that the remedy is worse than the disease† (Qtd in Harper 192). Divorce in any situation tears a child apart, tossing them from one house to another, limiting the time spent with their parents, and confusing them. There arent very many reasons that would show to be more beneficial for the parent to leave than to stay and keep their marriage. Usually its better for the children if their parents work through their differences rather than get a divorce. To anyone, divorce is a horrible word.There is no way to make the word sound better or make it less painful. According to the Webster’s Dictionary, divorce is â€Å"the legal dissolution of marriage or the termination of an existing relationship or union† (Webster’s 370). This definition makes it seem formal and doesnt show the feeling that people have when the word is mentioned. To most children, divorce is much more than a legal dissolution; it is their whole world being torn apart and thrown on the ground in pieces. One of the biggest problems that divorce imposes on children is the decision of who they should live with.Usually parents divorce when children are small and the children have no say in where they go. Since the child cant choose, this usually leads to custody battles that end in split custody or joint custody. Whatever the choice turns out to be, either one of them will be detrimental to the child. When split custody is decided, it forces either the child or the court to choose which parent to live with and which one is in the childs best interest. It limits the time the child spends with both parenta. When the child only lives with one parent, the relationship with the other parent can be severely damaged.According to the National Survey of Children, close to half of all children with divorced parents have not seen their nonresidential parent in the past year, and only one in six had weekly contact (Whitehead 2). Since the children don’t see both their parents often, the parent that the child lives is usually thought of as strict and â€Å"no fun† because that parent is always there and is always responsible for disciplining the child. This can damage and cause social problems with the child. The nonresidential parent is usually viewed as the fun, exciting one that the child wants to be with.This parent usually tries to give the child presents, and money almost like they are using it in an attempt to â€Å"buy† the child’s love. The child doesnt usually feel the love and security of having a close family, since they are constantly moving from house to house. Because of the constant movement, the child doesnt usually receive quality time from either parent, and it makes it more difficult to feel loved. Joint custody, on the other hand, proves to be even less successful (Zinmeister 29). This type of custody is now allowed in half of the states in the US, although, joint custody is very unusual because of the extreme complications.In California, where divorce is more common than anywhere else, only eighteen percent of divorced couples have joint custody. Even when the divorced parents maintain regular contact with their children, truly cooperative child rearing is rare (Zinmeister 29). Research shows, that the parents have no communication or mutual reinforcement; this usually leads to very unhealthy relationships with their children. Joint custody is even worse on a child because there is even more movement involved. With split custody, the child goes to the nonresidential parent’s house on a certain schedule.In joint custody, however, the child is constantly moves back and forth between houses, causing an even larger lack of time between parent and their child. The custody battle can be damaging, but the divorce of a child’s parents can also confuse the child, suggesting that it is better for parent s to stay together. The child does not really know what commitment really means. Since these children see their parents breaking vows without a second thought, they start to think that whats right for the parents must be the right thing for them to do too.Children are basically shown that they dont have to work out their problems as long as they can run away. This is one reason that today, when someone makes a promise, there is really no promise of whether it will happen or not. According to The Effects of Divorce on Children, an article written by J. Lynn Rhodes, young adults whose parents have divorced previously are likely to have social problems and trouble forming and maintaining intimate relationships (Effects 1). The value of a person’s â€Å"word† has lessened.Partly because of bad examples parents are setting for their children when they get a divorce. Generally, its better for children to suffer a bad marriage than to cope with divorce. According to Universit y of Michigan psychologist and divorce expert Neil Kalter, the misery of an unhappy marriage is less significant than the changes after a divorce. The children would rather their parents keep fighting and not get divorced (Marriage 64). Although it doesnt seem logical, it shows that children want their parents to be together no matter what the cost.The alternative to most divorces is not life in a war zone (Zinmeister 30). In the most of the number of divorces there is no problem or issue that could ruin a person’s childhood. These divorces almost always make the child worse off and create many unnecessary problems for the child. If parents would concentrate harder on working their problems out rather than their own personal happiness, the children would be better off. Divorce, however, isnt always a terrible thing. In a few situations it is for the best.The two situations that can prove beneficial for a person to get a divorce are abusive relationships and adultery. When one parent is abusive, whether verbal, physical, or sexual, to the children, it is more beneficial to the child if the parent leaves (Huffman 4). Also, if one parent is physically abusing the other, the marriage should be ended. If a child watches their parent get beaten their entire life, they could think that its okay to act that way to other people or they can begin to hate the parent for staying.Also, when a spouse is committing adultery, divorce is definitly an option. When one spouse is faced with the affairs and still wont stop having them, the Bible gives the option of divorce. In Matthew 19:8-9 it says, â€Å"Moses permitted you to divorce your wives because your hearts were hard. But it was not this way from the beginning. I tell you that anyone who divorces his wife, except for marital unfaithfulness, and marries another woman commits adultery† (Huffman 9). Even under these ircumstances, Jesus permitted divorce, but he didnt encourage it. It generally shows to be more beneficial for a child if their parents stay in an imperfect marriage rather than getting a divorce. The things that are involved with a divorce severely damage a child. The child lacks a â€Å"sense of belonging† and becomes very confused. Therefore, when a person gets married, they need to think long and hard to make sure that it is the right choice for them and for possible children that they may have one day.The person needs to make sure that they dont settle for the person they can live with; they need to wait for the person that they cannot live without. As Jesus says in Mark 10:5-9: It was because your hearts were hard that Moses wrote you this law. But at the beginning of creation God made them male and female. For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, and the two will become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one. Therefore what God hath joined together, let no man put asunder (Huffman 1). Works Cited Harper Book of American Quotations, New York, Harper and Row, 1988, p.192. Huffman, John. â€Å"The Raw Reality of Divorce.† Http://www.christiandigest.com/divorce.html. (19 November 1998). Marriage and Divorce, California, Greenhaven Press, Inc., 1997, p.64. Rhodes, J. Lynn. â€Å"The Effects of Divorce on Children.† http://www.lrhodes.com/divorce.html. 1997. â€Å"Through the eyes of a child.† Http://www.divorceonline.com (20 November 1998). Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, Massachusetts, Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1984, p.370. Whitehead, Barbara. â€Å"Coming Apart.† http://www.divorceonline.com (20 November 1998). Zinmeister, Karl. â€Å"Divorce’s Toll on Children.† Current Magazine, April 1997: 29-30.

Large Amounts of Money on Consumer Goods Essay

Modern living often leaves us with more money than time. Add the Internet, advertisements and peer pressure, and we end up with a lot of young people who have difficulty distinguishing between needs and desires. Of course, they have the ability to understand money matters, but they still need guidelines. Even if it seems like they are growing up faster than any other generation before them, teenagers are still developing the basic attitudes and perceptions that will form the basis for life-long consumption patterns. It is often at this age that teenagers find their first jobs and start earning an income. Their goals are not typically to save or to invest for long-term financial security. For the most part, parents are still taking care of their teenagers’ needs and are still assuming responsibility for most of their purchases. For young teenagers, though, earning money means acquiring purchasing power. Now they can buy the things that used to require their parents’ permission. It’s one more step towards independence. It’s important for parents to remember that teenagers are still learning how to spend money. Help them focus on the rationale behind the purchases or demands they make. Point out how advertisements and marketing campaigns play an important role in decisions about spending. Advertisers take an almost scientific approach to studying human behavior. Marketing agencies know how to reach their target audiences and they spend large amounts of money to create new markets or expand existing ones. They emphasize image, fun, popularity and a way to be better. Whether it’s on billboards, television, posters or magazines, advertising is omnipresent in the lives of teenagers. There are regulatory and control systems in place, but advertisers still try to make people believe that they must have a certain product. As adults, many of us have probably been sorely tempted to make this kind of purchase, and with any luck, have learned from our mistakes. Teenagers will also make mistakes. But if they are well prepared, they will be more sceptical about advertising. At the very least, if they ever buy  something purely because of advertising or magazines, they will be able to understand why they did so and learn from it. The Internet is a way to communicate, shop, and entertain ourselves with music, games and downloaded movies. It’s also a lucrative arena for marketing and advertising. Advertising on the Internet is the least expensive and most effective technique for exposing goods and services to the largest possible number of people. Young adolescents may be particularly susceptible to unscrupulous Web marketing. It’s estimated that teens spend, on average, a little bit more than five hours per week surfing the Internet. Peer pressure is often thought of as something that affects especially teenagers. Peer pressure often has a big influence on a large portion of our society’s purchasing decisions. People and especially teenagers, often feel the need to keep up with the most modern technical gadgets, and to keep up with the images that we are exposed to every day in the media. It’s crucial to teach children to have self-confidence, and that there are more important things in life than what their friends think, have, or want. Teenagers will learn that while our needs and desires may be unlimited, our resources are not. It is important that they understand clearly that our decisions can’t always be just about our desires.

Obama may revive Guantanamo trials Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obama may revive Guantanamo trials - Article Example it easier to delay terrorist’s trials because it will make the judicial and the military system of America to plan afresh and execute new terms that Obama believes will be fairer and easier to execute. The revival of the Guantanamo trials was a long way in the mind of the new president of America because prior to this revivals, he suspended the system of tribunal of America for sometime and during this time, a committee was formed to review the charges that were put against the over two hundred individuals who had been prisoned in Cuba as a result of suspecting them of terror attacks and organization of illegal gangs (Breaking News-Dade, 2009). Although this system will affect the trials of five men who were put in because they are suspected t have been the participants of the September 2001 bombing, the president has his stand that nothing but the truth will really make them guilty or not guilty. There have been a lot of criticisms against Obama suspending the trials at Guantanamo; the Republicans have strongly opposed it saying it’s a channel through which the terrorists will get a loophole to do their activities in the United States (The Vancouver Sun, 2009). They have rejected the ways that government has been put in place like the funding quest to shut down the prisons where these detainees are held. They held that such an action can only occur when there are newly revised rules and laws in the country that extend the rights that prisons under custody till their case are heard have. as a result there are still so many prisons in the country that still hold several prisoners in trial but there is really a strong move by Obama to really execute what he refers to as justice. The implications of the revivals of the Guantanamo trials are very desirable as has been put by several posts that support the leadership of this new president. There is the general belief that the suspects were detained just because of hearsay reports and this new move may make the

From Buddha to his pupils Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

From Buddha to his pupils - Essay Example I want you to be aware of the difference between being Buddhist and Buddhic. First of all, Buddhism is a philosophy, not a theology. In Jesus Christ you can find a theology, but in me you can find a philosophy than can be integrated into Christianism. To be Buddhist means to be a follower of Buddha.To be Buddhic means to be a little Buddha in miniature himself or herself. To be Christian means to be a follower of Christ. To be Christic means to be a little Christ in miniature. You have to know these distinctions. Buddhism is a path to stop suffering, but Christianism is a path to adore and worship God. You have to know how to integrate Buddhism and Christianism into one simple way of life. First you have to be Buddhist, then you have to be Christian. Then you have to be Buddhic, then you have to Christic. At the end you will be Buddhic-Christic. You will be a little Buddha-Christ in miniature. You will see that reincarnation is an evolutionary step to resurrection. You will see that reintegration with God or the Highest Being is in fact Universal Salvation. Follow the Four Noble Truths and read carefully the Bible. Integrating Buddhism as a philosophy and Christianism as a theology will guide you through the right path. The Four Noble Truths will guide to Christ. Christ will guide you to the Universal Father according to the Book of Urantia. You have to be eclectic at all times. You have to keep your minds open to knowledge. Not to Gnosis, but to Epi-Gnosis according to John 17:3. Gnosis is knowledge, but Epi-Gnosis is Correct Knowledge. You will stop suffering when you kill your egoistic impulses of desire. The solution is to integrate Buddha and Christ into one body of Epi-Gnosis. Don't be afraid. You will see the light when you become Universalists. Satori will be accomplish at any time. You will live in a perpetual Nirvana that will lead you to Mahanirvana. Don't be afraid to study the Bible. But don't distort God. God is unconditional love and omnipotence, so Universal Salvation makes sense. Don't follow the Calvinist ideas. Don't follow the Arminian ideas. The Calvinists state that God can give salvation to all the Humankind, but that God doesn't want to. So they rely on the wrong concept of Election. Arminians state the opposite. They assert that God wants to give salvation to all human beings, but that God can't due to the free will of them. That's a wrong concept of free will. There is no free will; there is only free agency. Universalists hold the correct vision of God. They teach that God wants to give salvation to all human beings, and that God can give salvation to all of Humankind. This is the correct worldview. My Four Noble Truths will guide you to knowing Christ in an intimate way. You won't be Christians; you will be Buddhic-Christics. That is the correct path. That is the true reconciliation between Man and God. Kill suffering at its root. Don't distort the true idea of a loving God. Before I didn't want to deal with the concept of God, because you were not ready. Now you are ready for the Fifth Noble Truth. Buddha and Christ work together for the salvation of all Humankind. That is the Fifth Nobel Truth. Be Buddhic; don't be Buddhists. Be Christic; don't be Christians. That is the right path for achieving Nirvana and Mahanirvana. Satori will come up at any magic instant. Firstly, you have to be aware of your sinful condition; secondly, you have to be awakened through satori; thirdly, you have to be illuminated through the light of integration between Buddha and Christ. This is the Fifth Noble T

Medical Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical Technologies - Essay Example Also, the operator or the clinician is in a position to choose which sections to operate like the brain or even any other part of the body (Seeram 4). This type of scanner has various impacts on both the clinicians and the hospitals. To start with, the clinician can get better and accurate details. Secondly, it is quick as compared to magnetic resonance imaging as it takes less time; hence saving on time. Further, it exposes clinicians to the risk of high dosages of radiation when treating the patients. Additionally, the hospitals have to invest heavily in human capital development due to the changing trends in technology to ensure that their staff operates these machines in the right way. This is a scanning procedure that uses strong magnets and radio-frequency pulses to generate signals from the body (Partain 2). The greatest advantage of using this method is that it does not use radiation, hence, favoring both the clinician and the patients. The method also has a long term effect provided all the safety precautions are followed in the right way. All clinicians are supposed to follow the required instructions when operating this machine. Additionally, it makes the works of the clinicians easier as the machine provides a wide range of details concerning the body even for information about particular illnesses. Also, the machine can make the image on most body parts clearly provide the information that is required. This is because it gives accurate details about various processes and structures in the body even in the forms of data and graphs. These are machines that are used to conduct the dialysis in patients with kidney illnesses. Although the patient can live longer when he or she follows the dialysis procedures, there are various impacts associated with the machines. To start with, these machines are very

Display design for or a museun, gallery, shop ,church, palace or Essay - 1

Display design for or a museun, gallery, shop ,church, palace or temporary exhibition - Essay Example The display remains steady and usable to date a feature that portrays the appropriateness off the display and subsequent renovations done to the facility that have sustained the position of the display thereby finding the display some relevance among the display and architectural accolades in the contemporary society as the essay below portrays. The portrayal of space comes naturally to the display of the church; the freestanding display has specific features that facilitate free movement of people, lighting, and aeration thereby facilitating its sustainability. The cathedral exemplifies effective consumption of space as it houses numerous offices of the diocese and the parish. From the large church with a naval height of twenty two meters and the numerous compartments throughout the floor that serve as offices to the dioceses, the cathedral is self-sustaining with the displayers ensuring that key features of the cathedral such as lighting, aeration and the management of the temperature remained self-sustained. The numerous compartments that extend to the heights of the towers do not obstruct the doors and windows. The church hall therefore extends to the walls all-round the display thereby perpetuating the free flow of light and air that keeps the church aerated throughout the service. Additionally, the displayers ensured that all the rooms and compartments in the cathedral remained easily accessible depending on their relevance to the main church. Display is a fundamental feature of the display that the displayers considered. The displayers ensured that the display remained elegant to date. Among the elements of display the cathedral exemplify include presentation. The freestanding cathedral enjoys glamorous ambience arising from the large and stylishly displayed laws to the strong tall towers that earns the cathedral its towering attribute in the neighborhood. As explained earlier, aeration, lighting and

Risk analysis HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk analysis HW - Assignment Example Data complexity:-unstructured data are hard to handle and is triggered mostly by the various ways of generating data such as images and videos. From various sources such as tablet or smartphones and that they are hard to process because they are unstructured (Charles, 2011). Storage and publishing:- the storage o large amounts of data require large storage capacity and large storage distribution system which supports the given network used in the data analysis, storage and transfer (Charles, 2011). 2) a generally applicable analysis framework with appropriate new technique innovations, which can carry out system level risk analysis accounting for data incompleteness and heterogeneity, regardless the system logic structure. The system will be quite effective if the various components are protected from moisture and dust so that they do knock during the operations of the system. They should as well be cleaned regularly using the recommended wipe so that they do not get moisturized. Various soft wares should be installed into the system Justas the framework highlights so that the data processing is speeded up and there should be a lot of interlinking the departments in an organization. In this, there is need to have intranet and internet connectivity within an organization with a lot of e-filing being done for quick retrieval and safety storage. The installed software will make complex operations to seem lighter and they will be efficient. The staff that should be in operation should possess the desired skills and knowledge on computerization and technology so that the data are not mishandled due to

Explore the long and short term social and economic consequences of Essay

Explore the long and short term social and economic consequences of the dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII (8th) - Essay Example Henry, working through his chief minister Thomas Cromwell, decided to cut England's ties with the papacy in Rome and introduce the Reformation into the kingdom. Historians have argued that the dissolution of England's monasteries was a social and economic revolution. It was the biggest change in the ownership of land in the kingdom since the Norman Conquest. In the 16th century, England needed more land because of a rise in the kingdom's population and improvements in agriculture, allowing previously uncultivated lands to be opened up. The Dissolution also allowed people outside the Church to take advantage of the monasteries' property, and nobles and the gentry bought much of it. A large part of England's wealth was thus taken out of the hands of the Church; this allowed the gentry to take a more important part in the kingdom's affairs because they could afford to attend university and sit as Members of Parliament. Many of the dismantled monasteries and friaries were sold for nominal amounts (often to the local aristocrats and merchants), and some of the lands the King gave to his supporters; there were also pensions to be paid to some of the dispossessed clerics. Many others continued to serve the parishes. Although the total value of the confiscated property has been calculated to be 200,000 at the time, the actual amount of income King Henry received from it from 1536 through 1547 averaged only 37,000 per year, about one fifth of what the monks had derived from it. Money from the monasteries helped to ensure that Henry would have no difficulty financing the Crown. Consequences of the Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries: Prior to 1536, Henry had ordered that Thomas Cromwell, his Vicar-General, carry out an audit of the monasteries, which he did with four men in just six months, resulting in some wrong decisions. Cromwell reported 'Manifest sin, vicious, carnal and abominable living is daily used and committed amongst the little and small abbeys'. The reports of Cromwell often differed with the reports of the relevant Bishops and he tended to brand all houses as corrupt. It was in this spirit of reform that the Act for the Suppression of the Lesser Monasteries, 1536 was passed. The Act clearly pointed out the worthiness of 'great and honorable monasteries right well kept', contrasting these with the smaller houses that were 'sunk irredeemably in iniquity' and had 'resisted all attempts at reform for 200 years or more', and it was these that should be closed down. The Act also stated that 'The idle and dissolute monks and nuns who live in these little dens of vice should be dispersed amongst the greater abbeys where they will, by discipline and example, be brought to mend their ways. The properties and endowments thus vacated can then be transferred to the King, to put to such better uses as he may think fit'. Henry used the money to finance the building of forts around the English coast, hardly a better use. According to the Act, all the land and property of a religious house that had an income of less than 200 a year was transferred to the Crown. The Act allowed for the abbots, priors, abbesses and prioresses to be compensated with generous pensions and other monks and nuns could be transferred to another house or return to the secular way of life. The new owners of the lands were encouraged

Safe Staffing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Safe Staffing - Assignment Example The perceptions of nurses towards safe staffing is that a staff mix that takes into account the educational preparation, experience and professional requirements must be given priority as an aspect that will help in addressing nursing shortage and the poor nurse workout put that comes with being overworked. Safe staffing enables nurses to have room to work together, take advice from colleagues and reflect on their own performance in their work output. However, this cannot happen when nurses feel that they are not safe in their places of work (Frost & Alexandrou, 2013).Safe staffing according to nurses is not just about improving the needs of the patients and improving their outcomes while in healthcare settings. It also features an aspect of ensuring that nurses feel safe in the environment where they work. Safe staffing should provide an environment where nurses can work without injuring themselves or feel exhausted to the extent that they cannot provide adequate care to the patient s (Tierney, Seymour-Route, Crawford, 2013). The environment in safe staffing requirements ensures that all nurses feel motivated to work hard and not being forced to work hard because of the circumstances that the work place exposes them to. These aspects must be assured in the environment where nurses work. Therefore, safe staffing needs encompass the needs of the nurses first for them to be in a position to provide effective care services for patients (Rogowski, Staiger, Patrick, Horbar, Kenny & Lake, 2013).

Android Application Essay Example for Free

Android Application Essay The reign of android products in the market is the talk of the town and the craze of owning an android based smart phone is all a youths mind is smitten by. This is all because of the wide range of android apps at the user’s disposal which can be installed on these android based smart phones. Android offers the android market which is an open market made available to all android gadget users. The android smart phones do not run on the principle of non-contemporary mobile methodology i. e. these android gadgets do not come with a pre-set of limited applications already installed in the cell phone by the company at the time of manufacture, instead only the basic apps are installed and a privilege to choose and install from a wide variety of apps is facilitated to the user. Android gadget users have to just turn on their internet, sign in to their goggle account and they can access all the android applications. There are a lot of applications in every genre from utility, entertainment, security, business, education, games, etc. Entertainment apps like various varieties music players, video players, photo viewers, music creator, video clippers, photo editors, etc., utility apps like maps and road guides, locators of shops, hospitals, hotels and various buildings and landmarks in a particular city which use GPS services direct from the satellite, alarm clocks, clocks showing time of multiple time zones, a thousand variety of games from strategy to racing and flash games to puzzle games, apps designed for providing a convenient user interface to browse through your favourite social networking websites and many more steal the ranks in the search counts for sure. The android apps are not just limited to entertainment and mobile utility and security. The android market has a huge choice of apps for the businessmen, people in the real estate, financial markets like the share market and the international currency exchange and the commodity markets, people related to software development and information technology, etc. The android apps can also be used for managing funds in your bank accounts. There are a lot of android apps designed to help a user browse through a lot of products from numerous shops and brands, select, compare quality and prices, and also purchase them electronically by directly transferring funds from their bank accounts. The rapidly increasing advancement in the development of the contemporary generation of android apps will also see a breakthrough in the e-commerce section. The biggest attraction about the android market is that it is a free and open market availing the most of the apps from all genres free of cost to the users. When you browse the android apps through the android market you will also be supported by a clear description of the app, that is the way it works, tips to use it and all info about the app. Adding to that a person can also see the product reviews and user ratings along with the product in the list of apps in the android market.

The Discipline of Nursing Professional Boundaries

The Discipline of Nursing Professional Boundaries As professionals in health care, the nurses aim is to have a therapeutic relationship with the patient, where boundaries of the relationship are strictly safe and within the code of ethics. Such boundaries are called professional boundaries that are defined as the spaces between the nurses power and the clients vulnerability. Establishing these boundaries provide the nurse with authority to allow a confidential and professional therapeutic relationship with the patient (The National Council of State Boards of Nursing 2010, p. 25). To avoid breaches and infringement, these boundaries must be maintained throughout clinical practices and placements. The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council, also known as ANMC, (cited in Kralik van Loon 2008, p. 76) define professional boundaries as the limit of a relationship between a nurse and an individual or between a nurse and any significant other persons, which facilitates safe and therapeutic practice and results in safe and effective care. In regards to nursing, the ANMC (cited in Levett-Jones Bourgeois, 2009, p. 103) advocates that professional boundaries are related to the responsibility, performance, morals and actions from the nurse and must be maintained when working with vulnerable individuals. To ensure a professional environment between the nurse and patient, a code of conduct, as well as a set of policies and ethics, are put in place. Daly, Speedy Jackson (2006, p. 131) states that nursing ethics can be defined broadly as the examination of all kinds of ethical (and bioethical) issues from the perspective of nursing theory and practice. The most important organizations in Australia that create policies for nurses and other health care professionals to abide by, are the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC), the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA). The policies, as spoken by the ANMC, is generated and expected for nurses to uphold both within and outside of professional domains in order to ensure the good standing of the nursing profession (ANMC 2008, p.1). If the organizations code isnt followed, it will establish a breaching of boundaries and professional misconduct, which is defined as the unethical, immoral and improper actions outside of the nurses practice (ANMC 2008, p.2). The continuum of professional behaviors is an evaluation tool for nurses to assess the interaction between the client and the nurse. Seen in this continuum, the zone in the middle is called the zone of helpfulness where it verifies if the behavior towards the patient, demonstrated by the nurse, is safe and professional. Breaching of boundaries can be on either side of the zone of helpfulness where on the left hand side is under-involvement and towards the right hand side is over-involvement. Both ends of the continuum generally involve violating and breaching the borders of a therapeutic relationship and are harmful and damaging to both the nurse and the patient (Oregon Sate Board of Nursing 2010, p.12). Under-involvement is mostly seen when the patient is feeling neglected and isolated. Predominantly, when the nurse abandons the patient, there is a lack of care, which in turn, may be able to increase health risks for the patient. For example, ignoring the patient during two-hourly bed turns could cause bedsores on the patients body or paying no attention to the patients strict diet could cause food allergies. Disregarding the patient is detrimental to their health and may also be damaging to the nurse (National Council of State Boards of Nursing 2010 p. 25). Boundary violations are on the over-involvement side of the continuum and are breaches that, at times, intend to harm the patient and sometimes occur when the nurses needs are met instead of the patients. An example of such violations can include the nurse providing personal information or feelings to the patient, accepting a gift from the patient or engaging in a sexual relationship with the patient. As health care providers, patients are more susceptible to boundary violations because of vulnerability, high dependency on the nurse and low stability on their mental and emotional state (Nurse Together 2011). Vulnerable individuals are most important when working with professional boundaries. In the health care profession, vulnerable individuals are usually those that have an extended length of stay or treatment, but can also be those that are of old age, have a high dependency on the nurse, have past trauma or injuries, a high severity of illness and/or a low stability on their emotional and mental state. (Holden Schenthal 2007, p. 28) There are many different strategies for a nurse to utilize during clinical placements. The American Nurses Association (cited in Holden, KV Schenthal, SJ, 2007 p. 25) says that when acting within ones role as a professional, the nurse should recognize and maintain boundaries that establish appropriate limits to relationships. For vulnerable individuals, Nurse Together (2011) advocates that boundaries can be maintained by many tools such as using an approachable and professional tone and by having a clear distinction of the professional relationship and the role of the nurse and as the patient. The tone of the nurse can be interpreted in many different ways, thus has the ability to breach the professional boundary between the nurse and the patient. If the nurse is talking with an interested, over-friendly and flirtatious tone, it can be interpreted it as becoming over-involved with the patient as it is engaging in a sexual relationship with the patient. The nurse should always act in the best interest of the client and be cognizant of their feelings and behavior. Nurses should always be aware of the patient and their culture. For example, a patient with different beliefs may view an action in a different manner, which therefore has the ability to become a potential catalyst to an unprofessional relationship (Oregon State Board of Nursing 200 p.14). Therefore, to maintain professional boundaries with vulnerable individuals, nurses should keep within the zone of helpfulness by having a clear distinction that the relationship with the patient is kept professional and the nurse is the health care worker, not the patient. As a nurse, there are boundaries that must be conserved to have a professional therapeutic relationship with the vulnerable patient throughout clinical placements and/or clinical practices. Organizations such as ANMC and AHPRA generate policies to enable the nurse to take care of a patient at an optimal level and not be over or under involved. If, however, there is a violation of these boundaries, it is considered as professional misconduct. Maintaining these boundaries is important for risk management, quality assurance, client satisfaction and agency resource utilization (Clark et. al, cited in Kralik van Loon 2007, p. 76).

Tourette Syndrome Essay -- Disorders Medical Health Essays

Tourette Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome is one of a number of tic disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence. The Tic Disorders can be distinguished from one another based on duration and variety of tics and the age at onset. Tourette’s Disorder has duration of more than 12 months. The estimated incidence of Tourette’s ranges widely but is probably four to five individuals per 10,000. It occurs two to three times more frequently in males. Undoubtedly, there are numbers of other students with symptoms who have not been diagnosed. When diagnosed and treated early, many of the associated learning, emotional, and social disabilities it produces can be lessened or dealt with more effectively. The goal of any program for a person with Tourette Syndrome is to assist the person in learning and interacting productively in school and society. Toruette Syndrome is a multiple tic disorder, with motor and vocal tics present, but not necessarily concurrently, which begins in childhood and is a lifelong condition that seems to change in its manifestations and intensity. The cause of Tourette Syndrome is unknown. The basic defect is thought to be a biochemical abnormality in the ganglia of the brain. Diagnosis 1. Age of onset before the age of 18, usually between 6-7 years of age 2. Rapid, recurrent, repetitive, purposeless, and involuntary motor movements affecting multiple groups of muscles. 3. Multiple vocal tics (gr...

Humanism :: essays research papers

Humanism, in philosophy, attitude that emphasizes the dignity and worth of the individual. A basic premise of humanism is that people are rational beings who possess within themselves the capacity for truth and goodness. The term humanism is most often used to describe a literary and cultural movement that spread through western Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries. This Renaissance revival of Greek and Roman studies emphasized the value of the classics for their own sake, rather than for their relevance to Christianity. The humanist movement started in Italy, where the late medieval Italian writers Dante, Giovanni Boccaccio, and Francesco Petrarch contributed greatly to the discovery and preservation of classical works. Advertisement Humanist ideals were forcefully expressed by another Italian scholar, Pico della Mirandola, in his Oration on the dignity of man. The movement was further stimulated by the influx of Byzantine scholars who came to Italy after the fall of Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) to the Ottomans in 1453 and also by the establishment of the Platonic Academy in Florence. The academy, whose leading thinker was Marsilio Ficino, was founded by the 15th-century Florentine statesman and patron of the arts Cosimo de' Medici. The institution sought to revive Platonism and had particular influence on the literature, painting, and architecture of the times. The collection and translation of classical manuscripts became widespread, especially among the higher clergy and nobility. The invention of printing with movable type, around the mid-15th century, gave a further impetus to humanism through the dissemination of editions of the classics. Although in Italy humanism developed principally in the fields of literature and art, in central Europe, where it was introduced chiefly by the German scholars Johann Reuchlin and Melanchthon, the movement extended into the fields of theology and education, and was a major underlying cause of the Reformation. One of the most influential scholars in the development of humanism in France was the Dutch cleric Desiderius Erasmus, who also played an important part in introducing the movement into England.

african americans in the civil war :: essays research papers fc

African-Americans in the Civil War The foundation for black participation in the Civil War began more than a hundred years before the outbreak of the war. Blacks in America had been in bondage since early colonial times. In 1776, when Jefferson proclaimed mankind’s inalienable right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the institution of slavery had become firmly established in America. Blacks worked in the tobacco fields of Virginia, in the rice fields of South Carolina, and toiled in small farms and shops in the North. Foner and Mahoney report in A House Divided, America in the Age of Lincoln that, â€Å"In 1776, slaves composed forty percent of the population of the colonies from Maryland south to Georgia, but well below ten percent in the colonies to the North.† The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney in 1793 provided a demand for cotton thus increasing the demand for slaves. By the 1800’s slavery was an institution throughout the South, an institution in which slaves had few rights, and could be sold or leased by their owners. They lacked any voice in the government and lived a life of hardship. Considering these circumstances, the slave population never abandoned the desire for freedom or the determination to resist control by the slave owners. The slave's reaction to this desire and determination resulted in outright rebellion and individual acts of defiance. However, historians place the strongest reaction in the enlisting of blacks in the war itself. Batty in The Divided Union: The Story of the Great American War, 1861-65, concur with Foner and Mahoney about the importance of outright rebellion in their analysis of the Nat Turner Rebellion, which took place in 1831. This revolt demonstrated that not all slaves were willing to accept this â€Å"institution of slavery† passively. Foner and Mahoney note that the significance of this uprising is found in its aftermath because of the numerous reports of â€Å"insubordinate† behavior by sla ves. 8 Individual acts of defiance ranged from the use of the Underground Railroad - a secret, organized network of people who helped fugitive slaves reach the Northern states and Canada - to the daily resistance or silent sabotage found on the plantations. Stokesbury acknowledges in, A Short History of the Civil War, the existence of the Underground Railroad but disagrees with other historians as to its importance. He notes that it never became as well organized or as successful as the South believed.

Impact of Celebrity Endorsements on Buying Behavior Essay

Gone those days where brands were limited and their tag lines were enough for the publicity, for e.g. â€Å"Thanda matlab coca- cola† this tag line of coca cola helped a lot in terms of profit maximization and brand building.As the time passes a cut throat competition is taking place and every one is trying to put their product superior than their competitors. For this, they have endorsed the celebrity in advertisement to make their product popular as well as unique. The use of a celebrity in an advertisement is like the bridge between the producer and the consumer. For targeting the customers, they select the celebrity as per their product’s demand for e.g. life insurance companies for targeting the older customers endorses the celebrity which are more than 60 years and for the soft drinks and juices they endorses young celebrities.(Clemente N. Mark, 2002) The personality and credibility of an endorser plays a very important role for promoting the product because it directly reflects the product’s quality and reliability. For e.g. Cement companies always endorses the powerful and strong celebrity like sunny deol , dara singh, amitabh bachan etc. There are many reasons for celebrity endorsement by companies but the most important is that through endorser’s high appeal and proper message in the advertisement they are able to segregate their targeted customers easily.(Kulkarni & Gaulkar, 2005) Conclusion Celebrity endorsement is the very important and basic tool for the promotion of the product and now – a- days it is become a trend for the product marketing and brand building. However, it is easy to select a celebrity but it is very difficult to establish a strong relationship between the product and the endorser. The celebrity can make a better brand image and also helpful for profit maximization.

Re-Organization and Layoffs Solutions Paper Essay

The Bureau of Labor and Statistics reported, from January 2011 through December 2013, 4.3 million workers were displaced from jobs they had held for at least three years, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. This was down from 6.1 million workers for the prior survey period covering January 2009 to December 2011. With this displacement, it has led to problems such as homelessness, depression, murder, suicide, broken families, and much more. Our group has put their heads together to come up with creative ways to cut down on many of the problems that occur from being displaced. Two potential creative solutions that were selected were giving a thirty-day notice to all employees, and put in place an outreach program to assist in coping better with the situation. If employees are displaced for any reason whether the fault of their own or the business, they should be informed, with a thirty-day notice. No employee regardless of the situation should be displaced from their jobs and possibly from their homes and families. Many people go through situations that may cause them to not work up to their potential or they may have gotten distracted because of life itself. No one should have to suffer because of this. Providing outreach services to displaced employees is very important. One good solution could possibly be that companies have designated personnel for this task, also that these personnel have training. This training would involve some types of different aspects of the layoff of the employee. What the training should include? How to handle emotional people, and any precautions that are taken when this occurs. The training is vital along with having  reoccurring refresher training resources. Having the correct people delivering the message is important. Everyone is human and no matter how much training a person has attended, there are still human error and communication issues. It isn’t easy being perfect, and no one is completely perfect. Terminating an employee is one of the most difficult task for a manager. Training is going to be the best thing you can do for those situations. Another investment in making the termination process less painful and hectic is if the companies have third parties present at the time of termination. Get the union involved. The benefits the union may ask for and the company may consider may be beneficial to displaced employees. Many employees are not knowledgeable of the benefits package they are entitled to under the union contract. This could possibly benefit all and have a good outcome and impact. The outreach program would also consist of counseling for the persons affected, their families, and co-workers. Outplacement services and resources to assist in resume writing and job search which would include on-site and off-site training, medical benefits assistance, and income extension. The team overcame the barriers to finding the best solutions by having a listening ear, respect for each person input, and maintaining focus on what we were trying to accomplish. Reference Page Bateman, T. S., & Snell, S. A. (2013). Management: Leading & collaborating in a competitive world (10th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Martin, J. (2013, Nov 03). Layoff plan moves forward at GE transportation. McClatchy – Tribune Business News Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1448076588?accountid=458

Florida Department of Management Services Essay

Introduction In the early 1990s, the Florida Department of Management Services (DMS) had built up a large information systems network that served state government agencies in 10 regional sites and connected these to the data center in Tallahassee. The network was based on the use of the proprietary Systems Network Architecture (SNA) from IBM and a mainframe at the data center that housed most of the applications. Body 1. Analyze the security mechanisms needed to protect the DMS systems from both state employees and users accessing over the Internet. Two security mechanisms needed to protect the DMS systems are Virtual Private Networks and IP Security. According to Stalling (2009) Virtual Private Networks (VPN) makes use of encryption and special protocols to provide security for those using the Internet or some other public network to interconnect sites. These public networks provide an access path for telecommuters and other mobile employees to log on to corporate systems from remote sites. The state employees would have to use the VPN to access the DMS by authenticating using their work credentials. IP Security (IPSec) provides the capability to secure communications across a LAN, across private and public WANs and across the Internet. Some examples of IPSec are: (1) Secure branch office connectivity over the Internet: A company can build a secure virtual private network over the Internet or ove r a public WAN. This type of business rely heavily on the Internet and reduce its need for private networks, saving costs and network management overhead. (2) Secure remote access over the Internet: An end user whose system is equipped with IP security protocols can make a local call to an Internet service provider (ISP) and gain secure access to a company network. This reduces the cost of toll charges for traveling employees and telecommuters; (3) establishing extranet  and intranet connectivity with partners: IPSec can be used to secure communication with other organizations, ensuring authentication and confidentiality and providing a key exchange mechanism; (4) enhancing electronic commerce security: even though some Web and electronic commerce applications have built-in security protocols, the use of IPSec enhances that security. IPSec guarantees that all traffic designated by the network administrator is both encrypted and authenticated, adding an additional layer of security to whatever is provided at the application layer. Similarly, whether other industries give rise to spheres in which competition takes place in open, intellectual-property-free spaces depends on various factors including the existence in a space of companies with proprietary solutions and the presence of technologies so complex they are vulnerable to inadvertent patent infringement. (Alexy, O., & Reitzig, M. (2012). 2. Critique the transition process performed by the DMS in the case study. Then, recommend two (2) alternatives to the IP infrastructure or applications not already mentioned in the case study. What is there to critique? All DMS did was install some routers and configured them. Can someone please help with this? Maturing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are able to integrate business systems with building management systems for improved management controls (such as consolidated dashboard-type reporting). Driven by business requirements for resource efficiencies and management by measurement’, this business intelligence adaptation has been essential for the business leadership to steer, priorities and justify new investment. Allocating costs for usage, amortizing capital towards specific business causes and employing financial wizardry to get best tax advantage – these all mean that the new generation of ERP tools needs to be ‘facilities-aware’. They should come with tools to digest ‘consumption’ data; so, whichever department had most use of video conferencing, or toner ink, or WAN bandwidth, or access to out-of-hours air conditioning – it’s all in the mix now. So many systems – integrated BMS (iBMS), facilities reservation systems, maintenance management systems, cashless vending and EPOS, CCTV and access control – are able to push the mountains of data they generate each day to other central management systems. Now IP networks are at the heart of enabling such data capture, collation and consolidation. (Manivannan, 2012) 3. Critique the merits of  the major services found on the DMS Website. According to the website, DMS is a shared service provider that supports state agencies and state employees through: Human Resource Support and Business Operations: the Department of Management Services is responsible for managing the state personnel system, including: Insurance Benefits, Florida Retirement System, Human Resource Management. DMS strives to provide the high-quality service our customers expect and deserve while decreasing the operating costs of state government so that more resources can be focused where they are needed most. Insurance Benefits-The Division of State Group Insurance (DSGI) offers and manages a comprehensive package of pre- and post-tax health and welfare insurance benefits for active and retired state employees and their families, including: a variety of health insurance options; flexible spending and health savings accounts; life insurance; dental, vision and kind of insurance p roducts. Florida Retirement System=The Division of Retirement (Division) was established to administer the Florida Retirement System (FRS), which was created in December 1970 to consolidate existing state-administered retirement systems. Since its creation, the Divisions responsibilities have expanded to include: administering; monitoring; overseeing; ensuring compliance. Human Resource Management- Florida’s state employees are our most valuable resource. They are the face of state government. The Division of Human Resource Management works with the agency personnel offices to develop human resource policies, practices and strategies. As human resource professionals, it is our responsibility to ensure that the State’s HR policies and practices are designed to attract and support the employees who serve the people of Florida. People First is the state’s self-service, secure, web-based personnel information system and enterprise-wide suite of human resource (HR) services. The system streamlines and automates many of the state’s HR functions and is comprised of the following modules: payroll preparation, attendance and leave, recruitment, benefits administration, human resources management, organizational management. 4. Recommend an additional service to add to the DMS Website. With technology today, there is a increased of the use of portable IP-enabled devices and group content distribution applications on Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). This surge is facilitated by its relative low cost of installation and as such is an attractive option in environments  lacking existing communication infrastructure and/or in times of natural emergencies. DMS would greatly benefits from this because, their employees will be able to access the website for information quicker when they are away from their desk. The WMNs is equally capable of providing high bandwidth access to the web. The capability of the WMNs can be enhanced by reinforcing the system with multicasting and mobility features. However, there are challenges of seamless integration when such existing multicasting and mobility features of MANET and fixed networks are migrated to the WMNs domain. Thus, a wide range of efforts have been directed at finding solutions to these challenges in order to increase the widespread deployment of the WMNs based communication infrastructure. By producing a one volume comprehensive account of incorporating multicasting with mobility support deployable via Wireless Mesh Networks, this work at aiming at research directions in the area of integrated mobile multicasting on Wireless Mesh Networks. (Sanni, Hashim, Anwar & etc,2011). Summary or Conclusion Florida DMS will benefit from the use of WMN added to their IP infrastructures. Every day technology is advancing with new ideas in dealing with communications between people. DMS will continue to succeed in the future. References Stallings, W. (2009). CIS 505: Business Data Communications: Custom edition (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Florida DMS http://www.dms.myflorida.com Manivannan, M. M. (2012). Building around IP. Engineering & Technology (17509637), 7(2), 78-81. doi:10.1049/et.2012.0211 Alexy, O., & Reitzig, M. (2012). Managing the business risks of open innovation. Mckinsey Quarterly, (1), 17-21. Sanni, M. L., Hashim, A. A., Anwar, F. F., Naji, A. W., & Ahmed, G. M. (2011). Mobile Multicast in Wireless Mesh Networks. Australian Journal Of Basic & Applied Sciences, 5(9), 957-966.

Water

Water is an essential ingredient for the existence of life as we know it. Biochemical processes occur in aqueous environments, many of which use water. Water also plays a significant role in the process of photosynthesis ( 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 672kcal -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 ). Photosynthesis is the most basic and significant chemical reaction on earth, providing the primary nutrients, directly or indirectly, for all living organisms and is the primary source of atmospheric oxygen. Without water and its unique and unusual properties, life as we know it on earth would not exist. Water is the only substance naturally present on the earth that exists in three distinct states -solid, liquid, and gas. Many of the unique properties in the take for granted include the three physical phases, transparency, universal solvents, density behavior and temperature, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, viscosity, surface tension and low compressibility. To understand why these properties exist in water and why they are essential to life on earth it is important to look at the shape and bonding patterns of the molecule because the uniqueness of water is a direct result of its shape and bonding patterns. The shape of the water molecule In the water molecule the oxygen atom is the central atom. It has four pairs of valence electrons surrounding it. Two of these pairs are shared which form the shared pairs form covalent bonds with the hydrogen atoms. The remaining two pairs are unshared and have a greater repulsive effect than the shared pairs. The combined repulsive effect of the two unshared electron pairs produces an H-O-H bond angle that is smaller than the H-C-H bond angle (109. 47 degrees) in methane or the H-N-H bond angle (107 degrees) in ammonia. Actual measurement of the bond angle in water is 104. . If the two hydrogen nuclei were as far apart as possible the angle would be 109. 47. The unique bond angle in water is only 104. 5 degrees. The resulting shape of the molecule is referred to as â€Å"bent† or â€Å"angular†. Traditionally the VESPR model theory is used to predict molecular shape. See appendix A. Chemical bonding To understand the unusual properties of water as well as what causes them we need to have a basic understanding of the chemical bonding and the structure of the water molecule. The shape of the water molecule is determined in part by the chemical bonding that occurs. For a brief review of chemical bonding see appendix B. The water molecule consists of the elements hydrogen and oxygen. The chemical bonds in the water molecule are covalent bonds since the hydrogen atoms combine with the oxygen atoms in shared electron pairs. The oxygen atoms exerts a relatively strong pull on the shared electron pairs which causes the hydrogen atom to become electropositive regions and the oxygen atoms to become an electronegative region. The water molecule is considered a polar molecule because the positive and negative regions are not evenly distributed around a center point. The water molecule due to its polar nature is electrostatically attracted to other water molecules as well as other ions in solution. The attraction of the electropositive hydrogen atom to the electronegative oxygen atom of an adjacent water molecule is the bridging phenomenon known as hydrogen bonding and is only about 10 percent the strengths of a covalent bond. This special bond is responsible for most of the unusual properties of water: high freezing and boiling points, high heat capacity, high heat’s of fusion and evaporation, solvency, and high surface tension. Let us look more closely at the bonding patterns of water. Polar Covalent Bond When oxygen and hydrogen atoms are brought together the difference in their electronegativities is not sufficient to yield ions. Instead they must share a pair of electrons between them forming a covalent bond. Some sharing is more equal than others and oxygen’s greater electronegativity draws the electron pairs closer to its nucleus and further away from the hydrogen’s nuclei. This results in a concentration of negative charges nearer the oxygen atom and thus further from the positively charges protons that make the nuclei of the hydrogen atoms. The bond formed is intermediate between a fully ionic bond and a purely covalent bond. There is a separation of charges but not complete as in the formation of ions. The partial charge that is produced is symbolized by d. In Water, one side of the molecule, where the hydrogen atoms are, will be partially positively charged. The other side with the unshared pairs of electrons will be negatively charged. As a whole the molecule is polar. So it can be said that the water molecule has a polar covalent bond. The polarity of the water molecule makes mutual attraction between water molecules possible. The Hydrogen Bond Each molecule has a d- and d+ region. The attraction occurs between the d- and d+ regions (remember unlike charges attract). This means that each water molecule attracts four other water molecules to it. The hydrogen atom is attracted to the oxygen atom of the adjacent water molecule. Each oxygen atom can associate with two hydrogen atoms of other nearby water molecule through its unshared pair of electrons. The force of attraction between these polar molecules is not as strong as a covalent or ionic bond but strong enough to be significant. It is important enough to be called the HYDROGEN BOND. It is the hydrogen bonding that occurs between water molecules that accounts for many of the remarkable and vital properties of water that make the presence of water synonymous with life itself. Firstly, the ability of water to remain liquid over a large portion of the range of temperatures found on earth is one such vital property. Other molecules, as small as water (eg CO2), change from liquid to gas at temperatures far below that of water. It is also the Hydrogen bond which is responsible for the large amount of heat energy needed to convert water from liquid to gas. Water is therefore a great stabilizer of temperature which is essential to the survival of life on this planet. It accounts for more moderate temperatures near large bodies of water. This property is also exploited by many living organisms. Sweat, and its evaporation is a vital cooling process for biological mammals and depend greatly on the large amount of heat energy required to break the hydrogen bonds between water molecules. Hydrogen bonding maintains the integrity of the water molecule during chemical reactions. Other compounds undergo chemical changes (ionization), where as water will maintain its chemical integrity. As a result water is a poor conductor of electrical current. Hydrogen bonding is the reason for the lower density of ice relative to water. In conclusion, three main unique features which are the consequences of hydrogen bonding in water are: melting point, surface tension, density. These and other unique properties of water are responsible for the important role that water plays in life. Water’s Important Role Water is the single most abundant molecule in living things. It provides the medium in which most biochemical interactions occur. Some biochemical reactions water is involved in are: cellular respiration, digestion, and photosynthesis. Water is the home for many animals, plants and micro-organisms. Water is involved in the cycling of all other material by living things both on a local and global scale. Water has a number of unique and unusual properties that are responsible for its important roles it plays in the biosphere. BOILING AND MELTING POINTS. Water has unusually high boiling and freezing points compared to other compounds with similar molecular structure. A comparison of boiling and freezing points can be seen in the following chart. Notice only water has a boiling and melting point that exists within the range of life. The boiling point of water is a unique 100oC results is and the freezing point is a remarkable 0oC due to the fact of the polar nature of the water molecule and hydrogen bonding. Two important, but not unique, properties of water for life are that water is liquid at normal temperatures over much of the earth and that water is transparent. If water were not liquid, nutrients could not flow from soil to the roots of plants, blood could not circulate, and bodies of organisms would be so rigid that they could not move. If water were not transparent, light could not penetrate through cellular protoplasm into chloroplasts to drive photosynthesis in plants, you would be blind because light could not penetrate through the vitreous humor to the retina of your eyes, and light could not penetrate into lakes to allow growth of phytoplankton. Clearly life cannot exist without the amazing properties of water. SOLVENT CAPABILITY. A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving another substance (solute) to form a homogeneous mixture (solution) at a molecular level. The polar nature of water makes it an excellent solvent especially with other polar compounds such as salts, alcohols, carboxylic compounds and many more. As a solvent water is unsurpassed in it’s ability to dissolve a wide range of inorganic and organic substances. More substances dissolve in water than any other known substance. The versitility of water as a solvent allows it to serve as the medium of transport for so many materials. This is true both for individual organism and for the biosphere as a whole. The essential transport systems including blood, lymph, and urine are all water based. Without water’s solvent capabilities to make three systems work, life could not exist. A LESS DENSE SOLID FORM. Water exists in liquid form over a wide range of temperatures outside of which life processess are slowed down or halted completely. Between 4?c and the freezing point at 0?c, an amazing thing happens that occurs with very few substances, Water gradually expands becoming less dense. Water is the only substance where the liquid state is heavier than the solid state. All other substances the solid form is denser than the liquid form. Since the density of ice is less than that of liquid Walter, ice floats on water. It is very significant that ice expands and floats on water because if lakes and streams froze from the bottom to the top, aquatic life would not even exist, and climate and weather patterns would be altered drastically. This is an important quality of water because as ice forms it floats on top of the water. It acts to provide a thermal blanket for the rest of the water beneath and all its many life forms. This is important because if water behaved like all other substances, water bodies would freeze from the bottom up and in most cases would never thaw completely during summer. This would have a dramatic cooling effect globally and would impact all life on earth. LARGE HEAT CAPACITY. The remarkable property of water is it’s extremely high capacity to absorb heat without a significant increase in temperature. We see examples of this all the time. For example, under the summer sun at the beach, sand will increase in temperature to the point where it is too hot to walk on, whereas the water temperature is still cool, even though both are heated by the same amount of solar heat energy. Water has the largest heat capacity of any common substance. This means that water takes more heat energy to raise the temperature of water a given number of degrees than for any other material. In cooling water gives up more heat than any other material. This property is important globally and individually. Individually, the high heat capacity buffers organisms from sudden extreme shifts in temperature which would be harmful to it. Globally, the oceans moderate seasonal temperature fluctuations. That is why coastal areas are cooler than inland areas at the same latitude. These differences influence the weather globally. And without weather changes life would be very unbearable. The absorption of huge amounts of solar heat energy by water during the day and the slow release of heat energy during the night is responsible for the moderate climate in the coastal areas. A wider range of temperatures typically exist inland away from bodies of water. If not for the vast oceans on earth tempering the climate life would not exist. This property combines with the MPIBP property to create the water cycle which supports life on earth. HIGH HEAT OF VAPORIZATION. Water has an extraordinarily high heat of vaporization. On average it takes 580 calories to convert one gram of water into water vapour. A value that is higher than any other common substance. This property is of important significance to animals in regulating body temperature because of the large amount of body heat that is required to evaporate water (sweat). Without this property of water, organisms would overheat and die and the climate would be thrown into chaos. SURFACE TENSION. Water has the highest surface tension of any other liquid except Mercury. Surface tension is the attractive force exerted by the molecules below the surface on those at the liquid-air interface. The liquid is restrained from flowing by this inward force. The exceptionally high surface tension of water is due to the hydrogen bonding of water. This is demonstrated when you see an insect being able to support itself on the surface layer of water. The surface tension also leads to a higher viscosity as it doesn’t flow as easily. This is known as the clumping effect like the high melting point and boiling point the clumping effect occurs in liquid, that have hydrogen bonding. Conclusion All of these unusual properties stem from the unusual structure and bonding patterns of the water molecule. The molecule is strongly polar because of its uneven distribution of electrons. This allows water to interact easily with other polar substances which accounts for the great solvent power of water. The electronegativity difference between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in water molecules is responsible for the establishing of hydrogen bonds between molecules. It is the mutual attraction of water molecules that accounts for the ability of water to remain liquid over a broad range of temperature (0oC-100oC) and also for its high heat of vaporization and high heat capacity. Water could not have all these special characteristics/properties without its unique shape and bonding patterns, life could not exist if not for these special properties of water, espacally the hydrogen bond. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on water from our professional custom writing service which provides high-quality custom written papers on any topic.

South East Antique Shop Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

South East Antique Shop - Case Study Example The liability of the partners in a partnership firm or the owner of a proprietary extends to the company's debts and financial obligations. In order to limit one's liability to the extent of one's investment in the company, a limited liability company is to be formed. This protects the owners by limiting their risk in the event of failure of their business to just their investment. In the event of a claim being preferred against the company, such a claim is limited to the extent of the assets held by the company. The personal properties or belongings of the owners are protected from such claims. In the absence of such a structure, the liability is not limited to the investment in the company and the homes, accounts in banks and other assets of the owners are at risk of being appropriated towards the claim amount1. The word limited in respect of companies is a warning in as much as that if something goes wrong and if a person wants his money back; it will be possible to get only what the company has and not what he has to be reimbursed. One cannot go beyond the assets of the company during this process. In other words the dealings are with an entity having limited liability. Over a period of time, gradually the possibility of making the directors personally liable for some company defaults has increased. The articles of association set out rules for the internal management of the company. Great care must be taken in drafting the Articles of Association. The Articles of a company may be altered by a special resolution. Where Articles of Association are not registered, or if the Articles are registered in so far as they do not exclude or modify the regulation in Table A , those regulations so far as applicable are the regulations of the company in the same manner and to the same extent as if they were contained in duly registered articles. If the company intends to issue shares or stock warrants, special authority for that purpose can and must be given by the articles. The articles may authorize the issue of redeemable preferential shares and may also authorize the company to increase its capital, to consolidate its shares into shares of larger amount, or convert paid up shares into stock and to reconvert stock into paid up shares, to subdivide its shares into shares of smaller amounts , and to cancel shares not taken or agreed to be taken, also to reduce its capital share premium account and capital redemption reserve fund. The articles may also authorize the company to alter its memorandum to impose unlimited liability on its directors or its managers or any managing director. The specimen of the Articles of Association is to be found in the office of The Registrar of Companies. The first clause of this memorandum of association is required to state the name of the proposed company. A company being a legal entity must have a name to establish its identity, the name of the corporation is a symbol of its existence. The second clause of the memorandum of association must specify place where the registered office of the company is to be situated. The third and final clause must

Anonymity and exclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anonymity and exclusion - Essay Example This culture of anonymity conceals the criminal participation. The unintentional creation of anonymity has rendered loss of information to the society especially through destructive events and passage of crucial time. Some countries regard anonymity as an illegal trend. Most people who have been threatened usually use anonymity as a mitigating factor. In mature democracies like the United States of America, states have the stop and identify policies which requires that a person to abide by self -identity. The concept of exclusion implies the inability of an individual to participate in social, political and economic activities. Hugh-Jones & Reinstein (2009) asserts that social exclusion is regarded as a result feature of unemployment. Unemployed persons have no adequate income to survive hence they are socially excluded from the society. However, employed persons can put up in a polluted vicinity hence rendering life uncomfortable. Legally, this is a two way traffic scenario. Coleman,  S., & Queens University (Kingston, Ont.) (2003). The e-connected world: Risks and opportunities. Montreal: Published for the School of Policy Studies, Queens University by McGill-Queens University

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower Essay

Manets On the Beach and Vincent van Goghs The Sower - Essay Example Ordinary subjects are used. The painter uses small stokes, sometimes even using pointillism, to create the impression of their subject. The use of color is more vivid in these scenes. Movement is also a characteristic of Impressionism. Both Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use impressionism as a style. Manet’s On the Beach and van Gogh’s The Sower use everyday subjects. Manet’s subject was his wife and brother at the beach. Van Gogh’s The Sower depicts a field worker leaving the fields at sunset after a long day reaping wheat. Although Manet used his brother and wife, the beach scene could have been any two people. The ordinary subject did not matter as much as catching the moment in time on canvas. While Manet captured family members, van Gogh painted a random worker. The other difference is Manet captured people at leisure, while van Gogh painted a worker. The two scenes are polar opposite. One shows people that are well off en ough to go to the beach and relax, while the latter shows a worker. Both are ordinarily different. The technique and style used in both paintings make them Impressionism. Manet has smoother small strokes, but they are still small. Van Gogh’s picture has more visible small strokes. The contrast is Manet’s painting looks smoother than van Gogh’s rough picture. Although both are oil paintings, the blending method makes the visual impact different. This type of painting technique gives the impression, but no real detail in features.

My Preferred Learning Style Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My Preferred Learning Style - Personal Statement Example Learning styles are more concerned with one’s preferred learning style rather than what learners learn. A student shows consistency in learning style by reacting to and employing stimuli in relation to learning. Keefe (1979) defines learning styles as the â€Å"composite of characteristic cognitive, affective, and physiological factors that serve as relatively stable indicators of how a learner perceives interacts with, and responds to the learning environment† (as cited in NW Link, 2011). Stewart and Felicetti (1992) define learning styles as those â€Å"educational conditions under which a student is most likely to learn,† thus, stressing on the role of preferred learning styles (as cited in NW Link, 2011). According to the principles of the Dunn and Dunn learning styles system, students always prefer to learn in their learning style and perform better. From the teaching point of view, if teachers follow students’ processing styles out of the global-analytical continuum or any of their preferred styles from kinesthetic, tactile, auditory, and visual, the learning process can be made faster among students (Dybvig and Church, 2010). Generally, it is noticed that students cannot learn faster because they are not taught in their preferred and distinct learning style. Ideally, students need to inculcate the various leaning methods so that learning does not become an arduous task for them by depending solely on their preferred learning style only, although they may excel in talent and intelligence possessing above average sharpness in comprehending the learning process (Dybvig and Church, 2010). Students need to strengthen various learning ways where they are not competent enough.  

Negotiation Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Negotiation Paper - Assignment Example To begin with, however, the nurse stated her primary concern that she would only work with $X per month. The organization was planning to pay $Y per month, however, the amount stated by $X was significantly less. In this way, by falsely anchoring her self, the nurse was now in a weak position to get only what she had asked for. The hospital had a BATNA now. It was able to see that should it state an amount of $Z that was near to the amount X that the nurse had wanted, that organization would be able to reach an agreement at a much lower price than what it intended to pay. Here the focus now shifted more towards material interests of getting the nurse to agree for the new amount. If the nurse did not agree, the organization could simply walk away with it. When faced with the new amount, the nurse realized that she had been made an offer that in fact was not much to her liking. At this point she got emotional, since she felt that the organization was using her. Here the organization was only pressing on a statement given by the nurse to them before. However, the nurse now realizing her mistake was now feeling emotional. The organization here realized that her needs were mostly for material needs and to satisfy the physical needs of food, hunger and material safety. At this point the nurse was not interested in achieving a sense of personal well being. Here the organization thought of providing certain material gains to her to generate her interest. It offered her free lunch and commute and highlighted how it would help reduce her costs from her pay. In this way, it tried to highlight a common ground for both the organization and the nurse. By providing the nurse with her basic needs as per Maslow’s hierarchy, the organization w as able to convince the nurse to take up the position at a rate that was much less than the original amount the organization had planned in the first place. The art of negotiation therefore, relies heavily

Critically evaluate which theoretical approach in International Essay

Critically evaluate which theoretical approach in International Political Economy best explains the nature of power in the inter - Essay Example Governments have to relate with other government. Governments must also consider the non state actors if they are to have an impact in the trade and policies. Some states are influenced by liberal theories. Trade must be having some duty and tariffs. These tariffs are sources of government revenues. Mercantilists’ theory has also been instrumental in the International Political Economy. Liberalisms dates back to the revolutions in the 18th century. The mercantilist financial arrangement developed into free enterprise. They were initially termed as centrists believed there should be little state intervention in the economy. According to the liberal economic theory, states were discouraged to minimize intervention in the economy. The theory advocated for free market and believed that internal markets should have negligible intervention from the state. The theory suggested that tariffs should not be used to prevent competition between countries (Eatwell & Wright). According to Co mfort, the initial liberal market theory advocated for a free market approach and was referred to as left wing or centrist in terms of outlook (Agh 1998). The liberal theory was enshrined on the premise that people can acquire wealth and property whenever they want. The basis was that freedom in culture and belief was influential in developing capital and gaining property. According to Wright, states, individuals and businesses were encouraged to freely gain capital under the liberal theory. The classical liberal approach suggested that free market should come up with system of setting the process of goods and services. The theory set currency exchanges and wages and resources. The move depended on sheer optimism in the free market (Smith 2003). However, it became clear that fluctuations in the free market have caused serious consequences politically and economically. This has resulted in unemployment and poverty. This has made international competition hard. Governments have attemp ted to deal with this challenge by establishing strict tariffs on goods. Governments have attempted to set up welfare or subsidizing businesses and industries. According to Harvey, tariffs and restricting trade were the foundation and reasoning behind the capitalist premise. The theory suggests that the government should be involved in restricting trade and controlling the flow of goods and services. The government does this in an attempt to reduce the challenges that are created by international competition (Ambrose & Brinkley 1997). The government believes that the use of tariffs shields the populace from international trade aggression and becomes a dominant source of revenue. During the 19th century, the theory of broadmindedness was the popular in IPE. Britain dominated the global trade by lifting restrictions. This facilitated Britain’s spread in the international trade arena (Smith 2003). The liberal theory of the power of international political economy seemed unassail able. According to research, the economic elites in many developing countries had no reservations in playing subordinates because they made profits in the process. Nonetheless, steps were made to start restricting trade. The initial moves came from the United States of America and Germany. The United Kingdom started to doubt the free market venture. After the First World War, the prominence of the liberal theory appeared to decline in the sphere of international

Fashion Buying and Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fashion Buying and Merchandising - Essay Example The paper "Fashion Buying and Merchandising" discovers the Merchandising and the process of the Fashion Buying. In the fashion industry the fashion retail buyers play an important role. There are many important factors like supplier’s selection and product decision. The most important fact to be noticed is the shift of the retailers from the purely operational background to more strategic background. According to Douglas (2009) the merchandising is the fundamental factor for all of those commercial activities which have distribution attached with it. The fashion wears for the kids have become a new trend in the market. According to the Key Note Childrenswear market report (2009) the UK children’s wear market was valued at 5.29 billion pound in 2008. The primary responsibilities of the buying and merchandising team are identifying the vendor, evaluating the best vendor, negotiation, and placing the order. In the retail industry the fashion and merchandising go parallel. According to Packard et al (1983) the primary role of the buyer’s team is the proper selection of the merchandise to ensure the availability of the new stocks in the store. According to Jackson T, and Shaw D. (2006) the merchandising and the buying team should identify the main responsibilities to add some values to the shop and the main responsibilities are one: pre-selecting and editing product range, two: negotiating value for money price, three: breaking down bulk orders, four: holding stock, five: providing product support.

Liberal Studies Essay Example for Free

Liberal Studies Essay How do economic prosperity and rule of law depend on each other? It is doubtless that economic prosperity and rule of law are indivisible. And to answer how they depend on each other, stating the definition of ‘economic prosperity’ and ‘rule of law’ is inevitable. ‘Economic prosperity’ means that overall, the economy is doing well and most people have sufficient income for essentials and perhaps a little extra. It means that businesses are hiring and jobs are relatively easy to get. However, it does not mean that everyone has a job or that everyone is well off. On the other hand, the ‘rule of law’ means that the law should govern by limiting all conduct and behavior of all people and organizations in the society. Economic prosperity depends on the rule of law. One of the major functions of the rule of law is maintaining social stability. It is a well-known fact that investors and business men tend to invest their money on a stable, peaceful and well-ordered society. The reason is that in a more stable place, with fewer disputes and a well-established legal system, their money will be safer. This enhances economic prosperity. Moreover, in the Basic Law, it is clearly stated that people hold the right of private ownership of property, which means that the efforts of their work and the fruits of production are enjoyed exclusively by themselves. Hence, people are encouraged to work harder for their own benefits and create wealth. This promotes sustained economic growth and long-term prosperity. Also, even before the unification, Hong Kong has always been a famous free port in the world. In accordance to the Basic Law, Hong Kong shall take the low tax policy previously pursued in Hong Kong as reference to enact laws on its own concerning types of taxes, tax rates, tax reductions, allowances and exemptions, and other matters of taxation. Thus, the Hong Kong government does not set trade barriers such as customs tariff and quota on most imported and exported goods. Since no trade barriers are set, more products will flow in Hong Kong and consumers can choose from greater varieties of products. In addition, cons umers can buy products of higher quality but with lower prices. This stimulates consumption, which hopefully leads to an economic growth. In short, the free trade policy has contributed a lot to the overall economic development of Hong Kong. Likewise, the rule of law deals with corruptions. Under the principle of the rule of law, the law is above everything, even the government. Corruption and cronyism discourage domestic and foreign investment. The rule of law eradicates these problems and protects the economy. Simultaneously, the rule of law also depends on economic prosperity. How so? When the economy is prosperous, as stated above, most people have adequate income for daily necessities and perhaps, a little extra. Generally, businesses are hiring and jobs are relatively easy to get. In that case, people have less complains about the government and the society is likely to be more stable. In simpler words, economic prosperity stabilizes the society. Furthermore, when the economy is doing well, hopefully people is going to have more disposable income for consumption, investments etc. So, a prosperous economy will create demand for more protection of property rights, and rule of law. Maintaining the supremacy of the judicial and the rule of law requires resources. A well-doing economy provides more resources for the judiciary to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of legal institutions, including supporting the introduction of modern facilities, case management practices, information sharing, training of judges and other court personnel, and stronger mechanisms to ensure transparency and accountability. This further ensures that the court and the law are supreme. The rule of law is secured in consequence. In my opinion, the degree of dependence of economic prosperity on the rule of law is way more than that of the rule of law on economic prosperity. Nevertheless, it is not the main focus of the question, which casts doubt on how the two depend on each other, but not the extent. In conclusion, it is apparent that economic prosperity and rule of law depend on each other a lot. Without the rule of law, firstly, people do not have the right of private ownership of property, which obviously is going to cause many disputes in the community since the result of the hard work of individuals may be taken away from them. Secondly, the free trade policy of Hong Kong since the reign of the British Empire may also lose, which will severely affect the overall economic well-being of Hong Kong consequently. Thirdly, the rule of law eradicates corruptions and relevant activities which deteriorate the economy. From these, we can see how economic prosperity depends on the rule of law. A place could never achieve a prosperous economy if there is no rule of law. In a similar way, without a prosperous economy, the rule of law would definitely not be in good state too. First, the society is going to be more stable as citizens hold less complains about the government. Second, since generally the economy is doing well, it is doubtless that people will have more disposable income thus promote consumption and other business activities, eventually stimulating the economy. Plus, to maintain and secure both judicial supremacy and the rule of law requires resources. Economic prosperity provides those resources to the judiciary. No wonder why people said the rule of law relies on economic prosperity. Last but not least, economic prosperity depends on the rule of law, and vice versa. To have the two is the key to a successful country, where economic development and democracy is balanced.

Pre Columbian America Essay Example for Free

Pre Columbian America Essay There is no certain answers as to how pre columbian natives got to America. There are many theories based on hard evidence. The Paleo-Indians, archaeologists refer to as the first americans. At this point there was no official scripture in their society. Paleo Indians seemed to have paved the way for many other cultures to settle. All though in many cases these native settlers were very different from one another, they also had a plethora of similarities. Most of the tribes in the new world all believed in the same work ethic. Woman would gather, care for their children, and maintain the household, while men hunted for food. When Paleo Indians, or other tribes would run into each other along the way, they followed the principle of reciprocity. This means they would have a mutual bestowing of gifts, favors, etc. Rather than the notion that one party accumulate profits or power at the expense of the other. These encounters enabled Paleo Indians to develop a broad cultural life that transcended their small bands (5). When hunting, American natives preferred to travel in groups capable of taking down big mammals. Mammals such as Mammoths, Mastodons, and giant species of horses, camels, bison, caribou, and moose. All the settlers had to eventually deal with climate change over time, which could affect the food chain, and cultivation of the areas crops. around 4000 B. C. E. Natives began to evolve their Paleo ways. Once the glaciers began to melt and move northward, â€Å"Archaic peoples,† flourished in these newer areas. Most of the time these areas became rich with food, water, and natural resources. Around 2500-1500 B. C. E most natives moved on from their predecessors ways. Most of these natives excelled in the cultivation of crops. They were capable of producing more food for one area, so it was easy to have more people in a smaller town. This surplus of crops made it easier for different communities of larger populations to band a bond of trade. Not only did these natives begin trading surplus resources, but they began to trade customs, religious beliefs, and ideas. Sometimes dozens of communities would come together and form larger towns. The Aztecs and Incas took it even further and formed two separate empires. Natives all took agriculture very seriously. Domesticating crops, made it possible for communities to have healthier, and more sufficient food. Some tribes have chiefs in charge of a few, if not many communities. These leaders make many decisions for the community, this is called chiefdoms. Prime examples of societies that run like that are indicas, mayans, and aztecs. The mayans developed a numerical system, with the concept of zero. They also developed a calendar, a system of phonetic, and hieroglyphic writing. The Incas, another powerhouse society mastered the art of using the terrain of their community to help create irrigation systems to make it easier to water crops faster. The Incas had strong agriculture, and had much surplus to trade. Although not every society based their lives off of only agriculture. Some native societies, are non farming societies. What these societies do is fish for salmon and collect other wild food resource and stockpile to last the year. These non farming communities would fish in freshwater rivers, to the salt water sea. Catching mammals of the sea, whales, shellfish, etc. Also spent much time hunting land mammals for fur, and food. Crops are not these societies number one concern. Also, Most natives hail from an extended family Native Americans believed in nature and all of its wonders. They believed that everything living is connected. When they killed their prey, they asked for pardon, and gave thanks. Native Americans never saw themselves as single peoples, the term indian did not come until the arrival of europeans in 1492 (22). These natives first inhabiting america lived very similar lives from one another. Most natives hail from an extended family. The tribes took agriculture, hunting, and beliefs very seriously. They all seemed to adapt to environmental changes as time went on in their settlements. Of course when natives first got to America they all experienced different hardships, but overcame them in their own ways. As I read chapter one, by the end of it I realized that most of the tribes individually contributed their knowledge to overcome hardships in history. And they shared these contributions with one another to help each community grow. For instance, Mayans created their numerical system, and Indicas with their irrigation systems, etc. These natives seemed to all have great work ethic, a will to live, and a will to express their beliefs. They all settled areas of untouched land, and created their own societies, and their own futures. American natives banded together to create opportunity, and sought after a better life for themselves. Pre- Columbian Native Americans were not the savages the Europeans described them to be. Native Americans were intelligent, hard working, and misunderstood people.